STUDY OBJECTIVE We determine whether a 1:1 mixture of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) for emergency department (ED) procedural sedation results in a 13% or more absolute reduction in adverse respiratory events compared with propofol alone. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive either ketofol or propofol in a double-blind fashion. Inclusion criteria were aged 14 years or older and Am...

Sedative and analgesic agents are frequently used for procedural sedation. Titration of anesthetic doses should be done cautiously and the patients should be continuously monitored. So far, an ideal intravenous anesthetic agent is none [1,2]. A combination of ketamine and propofol has several ideal anesthetic properties. Several clinical studies of the use of ketofol have been evaluated. To dat...

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely used and safe evidence based intervention in modern psychiatry as a treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. The choice of anesthetic agent may influence recovery pattern, hemodynamic effects, seizure activity, cognitive functions and cost-effectiveness of the procedure. There is relative paucity of literature in this regard. Gi...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We determine whether emergency physician-provided deep sedation with 1:1 ketofol versus propofol results in fewer adverse respiratory events requiring physician intervention when used for procedural sedation and analgesia. METHODS Consenting patients requiring deep sedation were randomized to receive either ketofol or propofol in a double-blind fashion according to a weight-ba...

OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to report the vital signs, hemodynamic parameters and pain scores of the patients who have received procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) with either ketofol (combination of ketamine and propofol) or etofen (combination of etomidate and fentanyl) and compare the proportion of patients with airway or respiratory adverse events (AEs) requiring an int...

INTRODUCTION The main purpose of emergency department (ED) management for renal colic is prompt pain relief. The present study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intravenus (IV) ketofol with morphine in management of ketorolac persistent renal colic. METHODS This study is a single blind randomized, clinical trial, on patients who were presented to ED with renal colic, whose pain was re...

OBJECTIVE The study was done to compare propofol and ketofol for sedation of pediatric patients scheduled for elective pulmonary valve implantation in a catheterization laboratory. DESIGN This was a double-blind randomized study. SETTING This study was conducted in Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 60 pediatric patients with pulmonary regu...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We evaluate the effectiveness and consider the safety of intravenous ketamine/propofol combination ("ketofol") in the same syringe for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A prospective case series of consecutive ketofol procedural sedation and analgesia events in the ED of a trauma-receiving community teaching hospital from July 2005 to ...

A 21-year-old male (body mass index: 28.3) with a history of asthma and reactive airway disease since childhood underwent left shoulder arthroscopy and labral repair surgery under monitored anesthesia care. Because the procedure was performed in the beach chair position, access to the patient's airway was limited throughout. To avoid general anesthesia and to limit potential complications assoc...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective efficacy propofol, ketamine, and ketofol in an ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model experimentally induced rats. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups: sham (Group 1), control 2), ketamine 3), propofol 4), 5). Following administration intramuscular hydrochloride anesthesia, left hilum exp...