expansion of urban area is a well-known phenomenon in developing countries with population growth and the migration from villages to cities being two major factors. those factors reduce the influence of efforts to limit the cities boundaries. thus, spatial planners always look for the models that simulate the expansion of urban land-uses, and enable them to prevent unbalanced expansions of citi...

3 Multinomial tests of accuracy 7 3.1 Naïve measures of agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 The weighted confusion matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3 The kappa index of agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4 Conditional kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.5 Weighted kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.6 The tau index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

3 Multinomial tests of accuracy 6 3.1 Naïve measures of agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2 The weighted confusion matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 The kappa index of agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 Conditional kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.5 Weighted kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

The kappa distributions, or their equivalent, the q-exponential distributions, are the natural generalization of the classical Boltzmann-Maxwell distributions, applied to the study of the particle populations in collisionless space plasmas. A huge step in the development of the theory of kappa distributions and their applications in space plasma physics has been achieved with the discovery that...

In this study free kappa light chains in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined both by an affinity mediated capillary blotting technique after isoelectric focusing (IEF) in agarose gel and by a quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The free kappa results were compared with the IgG findings in 4 neurological patient groups with a distinct CSF IgG pattern: (1) CSF without ol...

The weighted kappa statistic has been used as an agreement index for ordinal data. Using data on the comparability of primary and proxy respondent reports of alcohol drinking frequency we show that the value of weighted kappa can be sensitive to the choice of weights. The distinction between association and agreement is clarified and it is shown that in some respects weighted kappa behaves more...

the main goal of the present study was to implement a hybrid pattern of cellular automata model and particle swarm optimization algorithm based on tm and etm+ imagery of landsat satellite from 1988 to 2010 for simulating the urban sprawling. in this study, an alternative model was implemented in two ways: the first method was based on two images (1988 and 2010) and the second one was based on t...

Let $Gamma_{n,kappa}$ be the class of all graphs with $ngeq3$ vertices and $kappageq2$ vertex connectivity. Denote by $Upsilon_{n,beta}$ the family of all connected graphs with $ngeq4$ vertices and matching number $beta$ where $2leqbetaleqlfloorfrac{n}{2}rfloor$. In the classes of graphs $Gamma_{n,kappa}$ and $Upsilon_{n,beta}$, the elements having maximum augmented Zagreb index are determined.