With the exception of Bayesian analysis, phylogenetic inference procedures typically identify a best estimate of phylogenetic relationships, a so called point estimate of the phylogeny. However, the point estimate is often relatively uninteresting in itself unless we have some measure of its reliability. This lecture will be about techniques for examining the robustness or significance of the r...

The non-clock model is the standard model used in phylogenetic inference. As mentioned in one of the previous lectures, it can be considered as a branch-breaking model which allows the evolutionary rate to be different for each branch in the tree. Because of this, the non-clock tree model has a large number of free parameters, one for each branch in the tree. If there are n tips in the tree, th...

The jugular foramen (JF) varies in shape and size from side to side in the same cranium, and in different crania, racial groups and sexes. Side dominance is also said to be common. The foramen's irregular shape, its formation by two bones and the numerous nerves and venous channels that pass through it further compound its anatomy. A morphometric study of 20 (40 JF) adult male Nigerian dry skul...

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag stellt mit dem RADIP ein psychotherapeutisches Interventionsprogramm vor, das zum Ziel hat, Fortschreiten von Radikalisierungsprozessen bei Jugendlichen zu verhindern (Deradikalisierung) und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Ausübung extremistischer Taten verringern (Distanzierung). Das Programm ist deliktpräventiv konzipiert vereint forensische kognitiv-verhaltenstherape...

Objective: The authors examined the incidence of stalking victimization and subsequent help-seeking behaviors among college women. Participants and Methods: A stratified random sample of college women (N = 391) completed an anonymous Internet-based questionnaire in spring 2006. Results: One-fifth of women reported stalking victimization while enrolled at their current institution. Individuals k...

The effect of frying temperatures and durations on the quality of vacuum fried jackfruit (JF) chips was evaluated. Moisture content and breaking force of JF chips decreased with increase in frying temperature and time during vacuum frying whereas the oil content increased. The frying time for JF chips was found to be 30, 25, and 20 minutes at 80, 90, and 100°C, respectively. JF chips fried at h...

In this research, creation of higher mechanical natural fiber mat composites was proposed. The hybrid mat with jute and glass mat was fabricated by needle punching system, in which jute mat was placed on glass mat. The ratio of jute and glass mat layers was set to be 1:0,1:1,1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The composites were fabricated by hand-lay up method with unsaturated polyester resin after ne...

The jugular foramina (JF) are bilateral openings situated between the lateral part of the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bones in the human skull. It is a bony canal transmitting neurovascular structures from the posterior cranial fossa through the base of the skull to the carotid space. Since the JF depicts variations in shape, size, height and volume between different rac...

We analyze the sample of measured nuclear magnitudes of the observed Jupiter family (JF) comets (taken as those with orbital periods P < 20 years and Tisserand parameters T > 2). We find a tendency of the measured nuclear magnitudes to be fainter as JF comets are observed with CCD detectors attached to mediumand large-size telescopes (e.g. Spacewatch Telescope). However, a few JF comets observe...