This paper considers how oral contraception's diffusion to young unmarried women affected the number and parental characteristics of children born to these women. In the short-term, pill access caused declines in fertility and increases in both the share of children born with low birthweight and the share born to poor households. In the long-term, access led to negligible changes in fertility w...

in this research, the attempt was made to test the existence of the natural rate hypothesis in iran, by using a johansson cointegration test. the results do not reveal any long run relationship between inflation and unemployment in iran for 1340-1386 periods. because of the time varying nature of nairu, the hp filter was applied to estimate the time series of nairu. comparing the nairu time ser...