Article history: Received 15 January 2013 Received in revised form 18 April 2014 Accepted 22 April 2014 Available online xxxx JEL classification: C33 D3 D91 J31

BACKGROUND Chryseobacterium indologenes is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in hospital-acquired infection, which is intrinsically resistant to most antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacteria. In the purpose of extending our understanding of the resistance mechanism of C. indologenes, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of an extensively antibiotic resistant C. indologenes strain, i...

This paper uses a measure of skill mismatch to separate wage flexibility from confounding variation in wages driven by differences job quality over the business cycle. I first show that high cyclicality switchers' goes beyond cyclical movements mismatch. Then uncover large across distribution. Among incumbent workers, are acyclical good matches but procyclical poor matches, particular for overq...

this paper reviews the relationship between inflation rate and minimum wage in iran’s economy over the 1969-2005. according to the economic literature, there is a narrow relationship between inflation rate and minimum wage. some economists believe in increased inflation due to minimum wage. the other group of economists considers the increased inflation as a cause for increasing minimum wage. t...

We build an endogenous growth model with automation (the replacement of low-skill workers machines) and horizontal innovation creation new products). Over time, the share innovations endogenously increases through increase in wages, leading to skill premium a decline labor share. calibrate US economy show that it quantitatively replicates paths premium, share, productivity. Our offers perspecti...

When lidocaine is given systemically, cardiac Na channels are blocked preferentially over those in skeletal muscle and nerve. This apparent increased affinity is commonly assumed to arise solely from the fact that cardiac Na channels spend a large fraction o f their time in the inactivated state, which exhibits a high affinity for local anesthetics. The oocyte expression system was used to comp...

We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on gender gap. Using an event-study design, we show that policy had no discernible effects male and female wages, thus leaving wage gap unchanged. The are precisely estimated, rule out narrowed by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, do not find evidence for compression within estab...

Bertrand, Kamenica, and Pan (2015) document that in the United States there is a discontinuity to right of 0.5 distribution households according female share total earnings, which they attribute existence gender identity norm. We provide an alternative explanation for this discontinuity. Using linked employer-employee data from Finland, we show emerges as result equalization convergence earning...