at the pre-test stage, one of the important stages in language testing, items of the test are given to some language learners who are at same level as the target test takers, and through the statistical analysis of their responses, the information such as item facility and item discrimination are gained. also, unreliable and problematic items are distinguished and amended. this research tries t...

Multiple Choice tests are utilized widely in educational assessment because of their objectivity, ease of scoring, and reliability. This study aimed to compare IF and ID of MC vocabulary test items and attempted to find whether these indices are affected by the number of options. To this end, four 20 item stem equivalent vocabulary tests (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-option MC) were administered to 194 (1...

Abstract Background Standard setting is one of the most challenging aspects assessment in high-stakes healthcare settings. The Angoff methodology widely used, but poses a number challenges, including conceptualisation just-passing candidate, and time-cost implementing method. Cohen methodologies are inexpensive rapid rely on performance an individual candidate. A new method standard setting, ba...

Facility layout has considerable effects on the operational productivity and efficiency of a facility because of its direct effect on material handling costs. The objective of this study is to propose newweighted association rule-based data mining approaches for facility layout problem. Classic association rule-based approaches assume that each item has the same level of significance. On the ot...

INTRODUCTION Within healthcare settings, HIV-related stigma is a recognized barrier to access of HIV prevention and treatment services and yet, few efforts have been made to scale-up stigma reduction programs in service delivery. This is in part due to the lack of a brief, simple, standardized tool for measuring stigma among all levels of health facility staff that works across diverse HIV prev...

In this paper we discuss stochastic Economic Lot Scheduling Problems (ELSP), i.e., settings where several items need to be produced in a common facility with limited capacity, under significant uncertainty regarding demands, production times, setup times, or combinations thereof. We propose a class of production/ inventory strategies for stochastic ELSPs and describe how a strategy which minimi...

abstract   background: evaluate the adherence to facility management and safety standards among governmental and non-governmental hospitals in shiraz, iran.   methods: in this cross sectional study, 22 hospitals of the 33 hospitals in shiraz, iran including 13 governmental and 9 non-governmental facilities were surveyed. a 74-item self-administered questionnaire was used. collected data were en...

Sibiu county, with the mention that " similarly, they are classified according to the four chapters of the first part of the book ". The presence of a bibliographic list completing the monograph of each pharmacy is noteworthy. These lists are frequently extensive and in the case of the monograph of the first pharmacy, the city pharmacy that became the " Black Eagle " , created in 1494, the thor...