writing sacred words of a text in the header or along the right margins of documents is of a long tradition in documentation of the iranian islamic period. the present article deals with the time of origin, developmental process, type of words and the name of this tradition. included among other issues covered in this study are the non-iranian origins and the iranian-islamic influence over the ...

The art and architecture of the Great Seljuk period, known as Renaissance Persian Art in studies, left an undeniable effect on following periods. influenced by previous periods, became a source inspiration for artworks later aim this article is to introduce stucco ornaments inscriptions mihrab Ray, reveal important values thus provide opportunity evaluate influence area its power influence. As ...

mosque is among the most important edifices in islamic architecture, which has a significant role in the cultural, social, and religious life of the muslims. since mosque is god’s house and a place for whispering supplications to him, the muslim rulers have attempted to construct or reconstruct mosques. they have benefited from the help of the artists and calligraphers for the physical and spir...

A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in Bengal is shrouded with mystery. Though the maritime and trade contacts between Arab world and Bengal can be traced during the early period of Islam, the religious and cultural interaction between these two far-fetched lands started growing only after the Muslim conquest of the region in the early ...

calligraphy, as a prominent art incorporated into persian and islamic architecture, supplys messages and brings beauty to the eyes of the beholder. the most important messages in architecture are directly expressed by inscriptions. different types of inscriptions are shaped in the form of mosaic works, multiple painted patterns, tiles, bricks or plaster techniques. although in qajar period trad...