Professional ethnography did not enter Iran until the late fifties. For a variety of reasons which are largely nonIranian and non-anthropological the anthropologists who have worked in Iran since then have concentrated their attention on pastoral nomads, and little work of any anthropological significance has been done in the village sector of Iranian society. My general interest in the histori...

For a long time, the traditional pattern of urban-rural human settlements has been shaped in reference to the existence of the urban-rural dual structure. In this paper, we put forward the notion of triaxiality of human settlements, and used the standards conversion entropy weight method to measure and calculate degrees of livability of human settlements, so as to prove the existence of triaxia...

Rapid urbanization on the coast of China has attracted much attention. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in dynamics and related driving forces between urban and rural settlements. Applying the quantitative method, we demonstrate that substantial heterogeneity in settlement growth, landscape pattern metrics, change, land sources and driving forces is exhibited across th...

khomein city is located between the iranian central plateau and central zagros. the relative importance of khomein in sassanian period is evidenced by presence of distinctive monuments such as fire temple of atashkooh and mile malyon in eastern part of mahallat and inscriptions of gharghab valley and also passing of a branch of silk road through it. nevertheless there is not so much information...

The mapping of squatter settlements has been a difficult task for geographers (Manoj, 2008). This is due to the dynamic nature of the settlement and the organic growth that these types of settlements take on (Brian, and Ranvinder, 1995). It has proven extremely difficult to accurately map individual households in these settlements and even boundary discernment can be difficult. These issues of ...

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (UCBPP-PA14) is infectious both in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf infiltration model and in a mouse full-thickness skin burn model. UCBPP-PA14 exhibits ecotype specificity for Arabidopsis, causing a range of symptoms from none to severe in four different ecotypes. In the mouse model, UCBPP-PA14 is as lethal as other well-studied P. aeruginosa strains. Mutations in ...

This article demonstrates that in recent years, patent settlements between branded and generic manufacturers involving "reverse payments" from branded manufacturers to generic manufacturers have received close antitrust scrutiny, driven by concerns that such settlements harm consumers by delaying the entry of lower-priced generic drugs. The authors note that such settlements will be a focus of ...

This paper focuses on the class of legal rules that governs intellectual property rights: the antitrust limits imposed on patent settlements. The paper discusses the benefits and costs of settlements and explains why antitrust limits on settlements are needed to prevent abuse of the settlement process. It develops a general rule for evaluating proposed settlements. This paper explores a simple ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, a relatively rare tumor, is up to 100 times more frequent in regions with Balkan endemic nephropathy. Characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma in the endemic South Morava Region in Serbia in the previous 50 years were evaluated. PATIENTS We analyzed 477 cases with pathologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma wh...