BACKGROUND Surgeons have long debated the relative merits of vertical and inverted-T mammaplasties. These debates have centered on surgeons' opinions. Without measurements, this controversy is unlikely to be resolved. This study compares these common techniques using a recently published measurement system. Such a study using measurements on photographs matched for size and orientation has not ...

BACKGROUND Breast reduction is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures. Many approaches to breast reduction have been described, including inverted-T and vertical scar techniques and various types of dermoglandular pedicle for the nipple. OBJECTIVE This study compares the outcomes of patients undergoing vertical scar medial pedicle versus inferior pedicle inverted-T scar...

The inverted-T illusion was studied by the magnitude estimation method. The horizontal line in the inverted T is perceptually shorter than the same horizontal line presented singly, and the vertical line in the inverted T is perceptually longer than the same vertical line presented singly. Thus, the inverted·T illusion is due to both a perceptual lengthening of the vertical line and a shortenin...

A study on influence of seed orientation on seed germination of three species of rattans namely, Calamus prasinus, C. stoloniferus and C. thwaitesii made by sowing the seeds at 2 cm depth in vertical (micropyle end upward), horizontal (micropylar end sideward) and in vertical(micropylar end downward) orientations. Maximum germination of 80% in seeds of C. prasinus recorded in inverted position ...

BACKGROUND Breast reduction is an increasingly common procedure performed by Canadian plastic surgeons. Recent studies in the United States show that use of the inferior/central pedicle inverted T scar method is predominant. However, it is unknown what the practice preferences are among Canadian plastic surgeons. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to assess trends in breast reduction...

We consider a parametrically forced pendulum with a vertically oscillating suspension point. It is well known that, as the amplitude of the vertical oscillation is increased, its inverted state (corresponding to the vertically-up configuration) undergoes a cascade of “resurrections,” i.e., it becomes stabilized after its instability, destabilize again, and so forth ad infinitum. We make a detai...

An investigation was conducted in the NASA Langley 20-Foot Vertical Spin Tunnel to determine the developed spin and spin-recovery characteristics of a 1/28-scale, free-spinning model of the NASA F-18 HARV (High Alpha Research Vehicle) airplane that can be configured with and without the vertical tails installed. The purpose of the test was to determine what effects, if any, the absence of verti...

Several articles have been written on the use of intraoral vertical subcondylar or inverted “L” osteotomies. le4 Although these procedures have been popular with surgeons to set the mandible back, a disadvantage is the necessary use of maxillomandibular fixation for 6 to 12 weeks. Paulus and Steinhauser’ have described lag screw fixation of vertical subcondylar osteotomies. However, they noted ...

This paper proposes an analysis of the effect of vertical position of the pivot point of the inverted pendulum during humanoid walking. We introduce a new feature of the inverted pendulum by taking a pivot point under the ground level allowing a natural trajectory for the center of pressure (CoP), like in human walking. The influence of the vertical position of the pivot point on energy consump...

X–Z inverted pendulum is a new kind of inverted pendulum and it can move with the combination of the vertical and horizontal forces. In this paper, the control problem of X-Z inverted pendulum with system uncertainties is addressed, and a pair of decoupled adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method is proposed. The fuzzy logic system is employed to approximate the system uncertainties as well a...