macular edema following diabetic retinopathy is one of the ocular complications associated with diabetes, and it is the leading cause of visual loss in the active young and middle aged population in developed countries. while all patients with diabetes particularly those with diabetic retinopathy are at increased risk of developing eye complications, early detection and timely intervention may ...

Background: Ranibizumab is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent made for intraocular use, like smaller antibody fragment that can penetrate retina. Intravitreal ranibizumab therapy has been accepted as a predominant treatment CNV in recent years.

Purpose. The assessment of the incidence of ocular hypertension over a period of 1 year in patients treated with multiple intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents for neovascular AMD. Methods. The study comprised 58 eyes diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and receiving PRN intravitreal treatment with anti-VEGF agents (bevacizumab or aflibercept). The follow-up period...

Purpose : to analyze intraocular fluid (IOF) cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal therapy angiogenesis inhibitors or corticosteroids (CS). Materials and methods . 44 (45 eyes) were divided 2 groups depending on the therapy: group 1 (n = 19) received an inhibitor (aflibercept) while group2 26) CS (dexamethasone implant). They tested for IOF lev...

Apatinib, a novel and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, has been demonstrated recently to exhibit anticancer efficacy by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway. Given the importance of VEGF in retinal vascular leakage, the present study was designed to investigate whether apatinib-loaded polymeric nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-mediated retinal vascular hyp...

The current treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) relies on monthly intravitreal or intravenously injection vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor photodynamic (PDT) agents to inhibit choroidal neovascularization. However, traumatic local therapy and exogenous long-distance fundus drug delivery often lead secondary eye damage, low efficiency, immunogenic inflamma...

BACKGROUND Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibodies are used in ocular neovascular diseases. A consensus has emerged that intravenous anti-VEGF can increase the risk of arterial thromboembolic events. However, the role of intravitreal anti-VEGF in arterial thromboembolism is controversial. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to invest...

AIM: To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial (VEGF) simultaneously for retinal disease in vivo. METHODS: After laser induced rabbit vein occlusion (RVO) model was made, 0.5 mg of injected intravitreally the left eye on third day while right as control. Intracameral samples were taken before tre...

PURPOSE Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disorder that can be successfully treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. We report a case of incomplete response to intravitreal therapy associated with a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS A 72-year-old male with wet AMD responded poorly to intravitreal bevacizumab and rani...

Intravenous injection of angiogenesis-inhibitor drugs is used widely to treat cancers. Associated renal complications primarily involve proteinuria and hypertension, and thrombotic microangiopathies also have been described. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy currently is used by ophthalmologists to treat neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. H...