intravitreal injection is the most common approach for drug delivery to the posterior segment in humans. however, following the injection, drugs are rapidly eliminated from the vitreous, with half-lives up to a few days. depending on the rate of clearance from the vitreous, large boluses and frequent administrations may be required to ensure therapeutic levels over an extended period of time. m...

BACKGROUND Corticosteroids play a major role in the treatment of many diseases of the posterior ocular segment. Systemically or topically administered steroids usually do not attain therapeutic concentrations in the retina, as they must first cross the blood-retina barrier. Intravitreal application is a useful alternative means of achieving therapeutic concentrations in the posterior segment bu...

Background — Intravitreal implants solve a number of serious problems arising in diseases the posterior segment eyeball. Unlike intravitreal injections, implant provides prolonged release pharmaceutical drug over time. The review presents characteristics existing systems for delivery: nanosystems, non-biodegradable and biodegradable implants. also highlights main advantages disadvantages variou...

BACKGROUND Continuous progression of lesions despite an adequate treatment has been described in tubercular multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis. Reported treatments for this paradoxical response include systemic steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and intravitreal methotrexate. We describe the use of dexamethasone intravitreal implants in a patient presenting with this condition. FINDINGS A 46-...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of 0.5-mg and 0.1-mg sustained-release fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants to inhibit ocular inflammation in a rabbit model of severe uveitis. METHODS The in vitro pharmacokinetic profile of both the 0.5-mg and 0.1-mg sustained-release fluocinolone intravitreal implants was determined during a 10-day period. A sustained-release fluocinolone acetoni...

BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still's disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which presents with uveitis and scleritis in the eye. Intravitreal dexamethasone implants are used for the treatment of refractory uveitis. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old woman diagnosed to have adult-onset Still's disease for fevers, joint pain, and a salmon-colored bumpy rash presented with scleritis and uveitis in t...

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Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of eye has been challenging due complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection drugs was introduced deliver therapeutic doses in segment. Different diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid among others, have historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections...

BACKGROUND Macular edema is a common complication of uveitis and represents a therapeutic challenge, especially in children. Recently, intravitreal dexamethasone implants have been shown to decrease intraocular inflammation and to control uveitic macular edema in patients with non-infectious intermediate or posterior uveitis. FINDINGS An 11-year-old boy with bilateral granulomatous idiopathic...

BACKGROUND Refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery has long posed a challenge to clinicians, but intravitreal injections with a sustained delivery 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant has emerged as a promising therapy for this condition. OBJECTIVE To present a case of longstanding and refractory PCME with complete remission through 189 days of follow-up after ...