chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary mesenchymal malignant tumor of the bone. the most common form is central chondrosarcoma and the rarest is intracortical chondrosarcoma. here, we describe the clinical, pathological, and imaging features of a case of intracortical chondrosarcoma as well as the outcome of surgical treatment. this is the third case reported in the literature.

Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) shares clinical features with task-specific dystonias. In these dystonias, intracortical inhibition is abnormally weak. We therefore sought to determine intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in PDS. In 18 subjects with PDS since childhood (mean age, 39.4 [SD 13.0] years) and 18 speech-fluent controls (43.6 [14.3] years), we investigate...

19 Unloading of the baroreceptors due to orthostatic stress increases corticospinal excitability. The 20 purpose of this study was to examine the effects of baroreceptor unloading due to orthostatic 21 stress on intracortical excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the motor cortex. Using transcranial 22 magnetic stimulation, measures of intracortical excitability for a hand muscle were tested on...

Baclofen is a GABAB receptor agonist commonly used to relief spasticity related to motor disorders. The effects of baclofen on voluntary motor output are limited and not yet understood. Using noninvasive transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation techniques, we examined electrophysiological measures probably involving GABAB (long-interval intracortical inhibition and the cortical silent p...

Unloading of the baroreceptors due to orthostatic stress increases corticospinal excitability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of baroreceptor unloading due to orthostatic stress on intracortical excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the motor cortex. With transcranial magnetic stimulation, measures of intracortical excitability for a hand muscle were tested on 2 days in he...

The three-layered primary olfactory (piriform) cortex is the largest component of the olfactory cortex. Sensory and intracortical inputs converge on principal cells in the anterior piriform cortex (aPC). We characterize organization principles of the sensory and intracortical microcircuitry of layer II and III principal cells in acute slices of rat aPC using laser-scanning photostimulation and ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with altered cortical excitability. The relevance of this to the need for non-invasive ventilation is not known. We assessed the diaphragm response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in terms of motor threshold and latency as well as assessing intracortical excitability using paired stimulation in eight long-term users and six non-users of h...

The measurement of brain activation during music listening is a topic that is attracting increased attention from many researchers. Because of their high spatial accuracy, functional MRI measurements are often used for measuring brain activation in the context of music listening. However, this technique faces the issues of contaminating scanner noise and an uncomfortable experimental environmen...