introduction: the need to have a safe relationship with other people is something substantial. on the basis of the fact that human beings have various lingual, ethnical, cultural, social as well as economical differences, social leniency is supposed to be the only way to provide a sound relationship without existence of any type of quarrel among people. the significance of attention to such a c...

Human ethnocentrism--the tendency to view one's group as centrally important and superior to other groups--creates intergroup bias that fuels prejudice, xenophobia, and intergroup violence. Grounded in the idea that ethnocentrism also facilitates within-group trust, cooperation, and coordination, we conjecture that ethnocentrism may be modulated by brain oxytocin, a peptide shown to promote coo...

the term xenophobia describes a social phenomenon rooted in fear and hatred of foreigners from different ethnic groups. this phenomenon is understandably reflected in five shakespearean plays: the merchant of venice, othello, the tempest, titus andronicus, and anthony and cleopatra; among which, the merchant of venice has more importance in addressing foreign characters and groups (i.e. shylock...

In 1994, South Africa became a new nation. Born out of democratic elections and inaugurated as the 'Rainbow Nation' by Nelson Mandela, this 'new South Africa' represents a fundamental shift in the social, political and geographical landscapes of the past. Unity has replaced segregation, equality has replaced legislated racism and democracy has replaced apartheid, at least in terms of the law. D...

Short stories provide suitable reading materials to enrich the study of American History. Using literary works can help foster transformative history teaching, especially when discussing violent past construct a better future. This aims at examining two short that deal with racism and prejudice. Used as primary data are “Désirée’s Baby” (1893) which tells about racial intolerance in pre-Civil W...

The present research investigates the effects of social exclusion on attitudes toward ethnic and religious minorities. Native-born German participants who were socially excluded rather than included reported greater approval for stricter legislation regarding the naturalization of immigrants (Study 1), reported greater prejudice against openly observant Muslims (Studies 2 and 3), and stronger a...