The emergence of nuclear weapons as a new actor in international relations has introduced a new area in the international security arena. Since the appearance of these weapons, there have been increasing efforts to limit and destroy them in order to achieve global peace in the framework of disarmament and centered around the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Along with the eme...

the appliance of international instruments in the field of literally and artistic property rights has cause a well-established and stable international aspect in comparison with its domestic aspect. this discipline has been founded on the basis of the berne convention, 1886, the universal copyright convention, 1952, and the rome convention, 1961, which their translations have all been published...

ifty years ago on 2 May 1958 the government of the United States of America circulated a note to the 12 states most actively involved in scientific research in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year, initiating discussions regarding the convening of a conference on Antarctica and the conclusion of an international treaty for this area. Shortly after the circulation of the note, on...

in their to implement international treaties – as the most important source of international law – member states are likely to face two questions: 1. as regards the interpretation of the concerned treaty, with whom does the competency and jurisdiction rest an international judicial authority or specific authorities of the member state? in the latter case, which authority will enjoy such compete...

the world intellectual property organization copyright treaty (wct) is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the world intellectual property organization (wipo) in geneva on december 20, 1996. it provides additional protections for copyright deemed necessary due to advances in information technology since the formation of previous copyright treaties before it....

iranian oil buy back contract is a kind of service contract that foreign party carries out all operations in development or reconstruction of oil or gas field with its costs. in return, national iranian oil company obliges to compensate contractor all capital or non-capital costs necesserly by produced oil or gas from the same field. the energy charter treaty as the most perfect international t...

The Canada-U.S. dispute over softwood lumber imports provides an important case in understanding issues of international bargaining and treaty compliance. Recent events in the dispute suggest that one of the leading theoretical accounts of treaty compliance does not offer an adequate explanation of state behavior. Policy makers should recognize the importance of cross-border ownership and indus...

International agreements on transfrontier pollution require approval by domestic political institutions. In this paper we employ a voting game theoretic model to characterize the stability of such agreements when each country’s participation is conditioned upon a domestic ratification vote. To describe the pre-treaty or no treaty international situation, we propose a concept of (noncooperative)...