the criminal justice and observance of human rights principles have important roles in efficiency of bodies involved in combating against terrorism. as some states like u.k. have violated several international provisions such as international civil and political covenant and the european convention of human rights, this article tries to verify anti-terrorism crime and security act (atcsa) and i...

Terrorism is an act whose nature and outcome is violence and fear. Regardless of the different forms of the realization of this act in the past, it has taken new forms in the contemporary era due to the advancement of sciences and technologies. To face this phenomenon, then, it is necessary to foresee and apply appropriate and favorable measures. As a victim of internal and external terrorism, ...

from the political sociology point of view, emerging and continuity of modern societies have been a combined with some kind of totalitarianism in west (as the first step of development), modern nation-states, modern revolutions, modern wars, formation of totalitarian communism-fashism, democratic systems, and at least globalization, terrorism, …. terrorism phenomena has been deep in glomming be...

one of the most important challenge facing international community and international criminal law is the increasing expansion of terrorist acts and operations which is a serious threat to international peace and security. this dreadful phenomenon usually occurs in organized forms transnationally. threats caused by terrorism are more than individual offences and to encounter it effectively is in...

The 9/11 suicide attacks in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, triggered a number of security responses both in the United States of America and other Countries in the World. Kenya, which is an ally and a close partner to North America and Europe, was not left behind. While many states had been parties to numerous terrorism conventions, their response in implementing them had been sl...

Economic development and globalization of international markets have created a favourable atmosphere for the emergence of new forms of crime such as money laundering or financing of terrorism, which may contribute to destabilized and damage economic systems. In particular, money laundering have acquired great importance since the 11S attacks, what has caused on the one hand, the establishment a...

Describing the nature of a particular topic is commonly the path towards defining it. Attempting to outline what constitutes terrorism amounts to landing in the middle of a semantic minefield where emotions run very high and the criteria necessary to describe the term are constantly evolving. Terrorism is a polemical word that has long provoked interpretation discrepancies in the international ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the mortality burdens from two global impacts on mortality: international terrorism and the major cause of preventable death in developed countries--tobacco use. We also sought to examine the similarities and differences between these two causes of mortality so as to better inform the policy responses directed at prevention. METHODS Data on deat...

Arriving at a consensual definition of the phenomenon of terrorism has been a particularly difficult undertaking. Some definitions are either too specific or too vague, concentrating on some essential “terrorist” aspect of the actions, strategies, or types of non-state organizations that engage in terrorism. In this paper I draw on global approaches from international relations and world system...