â â â â  kangwon national university, south korea â â yonsei university, south korea â â  [1] â  kangwon national university, south korea â â â  abstract â  t his paper aims to understand the structure and determinants of international bank l ending among apec economies. specifically, this paper first aims to analyze whether australia canada japan chinese taipei and the united states, which are...

I. Conceptual studies of market liquidity Dupont, D " The effects of transaction costs on depth and spread " Gravelle, T " The market microstructure of dealership equity and government securities markets: how they differ " Muranaga, J and Shimizu, T " Market microstructure and market liquidity " Ui, T " Transparency and liquidity in securities markets " II. Empirical studies of market liquidity...

The World Bank Group consists of five organizations: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The World Bank operates under the authority of a Bo...

Margins in international banking have fallen dramatically during the last years. Therefore, banks face the pressing need to develop more suitable forms of organization and more efficient incentive schemes. In a principal agent framework this paper develops four fundamental rules. The marginal benefits from additional risk taking should be equal to its marginal cost. The top management should se...

T his paper aims to understand the structure and determinants of international bank l ending among APEC economies. Specifically, this paper first aims to analyze whether Australia Canada Japan Chinese Taipei and the United States, which are the only APEC members for which international borrowing data are available, tend to lend more intensively to other APEC members than to non-APEC countries ....

© 1998 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK Paul R. Masson, Tamim Bayoumi, and Hossein Samiei are with the Research, Asia and Pacific, and European I departments, respectively, at the International Monetary Fund. The authors are grateful to colleagues and seminar participants at the World Bank, to Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and to David Weil for advice and commen...

Paper circulated by Dr Y V Reddy, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, at the International Seminar on Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Financial Stability sponsored by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Bank for International Settlements and the Financial Stability Forum at BIS, Basel, Switzerland on 23 January 2002. Dr Reddy is thankful to Mr N V Deshpande, Principal...

the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...