due to the importance of employee engagement in the last decade and the significant role which plays in concept of organizational efficiency, identifying the factors influencing this concept can help any organization to grow and improve and also maintain and guarantee the survival of organizations in today’s competitive conditions. one of the factors influencing this concept is organizational r...

Reinforcement learning (RL) research typically develops algorithms for helping an RL agent best achieve its goals—however they came to be defined—while ignoring the relationship of those goals to the goals of the agent designer. We extend agent design to include the meta-optimization problem of selecting internal agent goals (rewards) which optimize the designer’s goals. Our claim is that well-...

Due to the importance of employee engagement in the last decade and the significant role which plays in concept of organizational efficiency, identifying the factors influencing this concept can help any organization to grow and improve and also maintain and guarantee the survival of organizations in today’s competitive conditions. One of the factors influencing this concept is organizational r...

This study aimed at examining the factors that influence and impact employees’ performance levels within Jordanian Banks. This study is based on quantitative research to test the research hypotheses and reveal the important factors that impact loyalty programs. A convenient sample of 377 employees was selected to represent the population which includes all employees working in the banking secto...

Efficient regulation of internal homeostasis and defending it against perturbations requires adaptive behavioral strategies. However, the computational principles mediating the interaction between homeostatic and associative learning processes remain undefined. Here we use a definition of primary rewards, as outcomes fulfilling physiological needs, to build a normative theory showing how learni...

The number of hospitalized older adults in Portugal necessitates a better understanding of the acute care environment for older adults. This study translated and examined the psychometric qualities of the Geriatric Care Environment Scale (GCES) among 1,068 Portuguese registered nurses (RNs). Four factors emerged from the exploratory factor analyses: resource availability, aging-sensitive care d...

Academic divisions of general internal medicine have developed and flourished in the last 2 decades. Young faculty can join these divisions in 1 of 3 possible career paths: clinical educator, clinical researcher, and, most recently, the "hospitalist." This article describes the typical job description, training pathway, and rewards and challenges for each path for students and residents conside...