this study explored the nature of transfer among bilingual vs. trilinguals with varying levels of competence in english and their previous languages. the hypotheses were tested in writing tasks designed for 75 high (n= 35) vs. intermediate (n=40) proficient efl learners with turkish, persian, english and persian, english linguistic backgrounds. qualitative data were also collected through some ...

Interdependence between the subsystems of an enterprise is one of the driving reasons for integrating the enterprise. Integration attempts to manage those interdependencies so all subsystems work harmoniously together to achieve the enterprise goals. Prior to embarking on an enterprise integration project the interdependencies need to be analyzed. Unfortunately, interdependence between subsyste...

roy adaptation model in hemodialysis patients: a mixed method research hassani p[1]*, otaghi m[2] received: 17 may, 2012 accepted: 13aug, 2012 abstractbackground & aims: ram is used in ersd patients. nurses play important role in their adaptation. the goal of the study is to explain the adaptive and ineffective responses of hemodialysis patients based on ram in qualitative part, and to compare ...

We test the hypothesis that superficial knowledge interdependence is more effective in fostering individual learning from collaboration than the true knowledge interdependence often realized by jigsaw-type collaboration arrangements. Based on research on group informationprocessing, we argue for the benefits of distributing only contextual information, but not core principles between learners, ...

With friends, family members, romantic partners, and coworkers, people form interdependent units, shaping each other’s everyday experiences. According to the Transactive Goal Dynamics model, goal pursuit occurs within these units, not apart from them. As a result, a great deal of goal pursuit is interpersonally driven and influenced. Although historically, social psychological research has focu...

As the team-based structure is prevalent in modern organizations, it is promising to address the key problem of how to promote individuals to engage in knowledge sharing. Drawing upon the interdependence theory and social identity/self-categorization theory, this study develops a research model to elaborate how interdependence designs, including task and goal interdependence, elevate individual...

On the basis of an interdependence analysis, it is proposed that commitment to a close relationship is associated with cognitive interdependence—a mental state characterized by a pluralistic, collective representation of the self-in-relationship. A cross-sectional survey study and a 2-wave longitudinal study revealed that strong commitment to a romantic relationship is associated with greater s...