The worldline formalism provides an alternative to Feynman diagrams in the construction of amplitudes and effective actions that shares some superior properties organization string theory. In particular, it allows one write down integral representations combining contributions large classes different topologies. However, calculating these integrals analytically without splitting them into secto...

t his study investigates the factors affecting the demand for new residential buildings in urban areas of iran during 1976-2010. the demand function for new residential buildings in urban areas was estimated and then the existence of a long-run relationship among variables of this function was studied using the bounds testing of the autoregressive distributed lag co-integration procedure. the t...

The introduction of new technology is always met by resistance from the exponents of current technology. However, “technology at this point is simply a means to an end. What is really strategic is the use of the information and how we exploit and maximize it.” This means that before we can introduce Enterprise Application Integration, we must justify its use. To do this, we will initially look ...

The issue of financial integration, at the country level, is a well-documented phenomenon in the area of International Portfolio Diversification (IPD). Despite the increasing degree of financial integration, it is important to investigate the global integration at industry level to capture the potential benefits of IPD. Thus, this study attempts to evaluate the potential advantages of IPD for i...

Graphical specification notations have gained much popularity in software engineering, as witnessed by the widespread adoption of UML throughout the software industry. Graphical notations are generally characterised by being intuitive to understand, i.e. new users of these notation require little training to become familiar with them. However, few of the graphical notations have a formally defi...