objective: the present study aims to achieve awareness about the current status of ict implementations as a tool for information management within astan quds razavi libraries authorities methodology: a descriptive survey methods was employed. questionnaire, interview and observation served as primary data collection tools. 41 managers and deputy managers of aqrla made up the sample findings: aq...

Although the importance of civil infrastructure is universally recognized, the funding to maintain the U.S. system has proven insufficient over the last several decades. As has been reported recently by ASCE, an estimated $2.2 trillion is needed to bring the country’s overall infrastructure up to good working order. While the increase in infrastructure funding that will accompany this attention...

Background: The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization. Methods...

in recent years according to the growing companies andproducts supplied, and competition between them has intensified. productsand diversity, one of the main concerns of commercial institutions.therefore, selecting the media to introduce and is important therelationship between customers’ products. given the multiplicity of mediain promoting and marketing the products, they are the optimalchoic...

Indifference-zone-selection procedures have been widely studied and applied to determine the required sample sizes for selecting a good design from k alternatives. However, efficiency is still a key concern for application of simulation to ranking and selection problems. In this paper, we present a new approach that can further enhance the efficiency of indifferencezone-selection procedures. Ou...

In this paper, we investigate advertisers’ budgeting and bidding strategies across multiple search platforms. Our goal is to characterize equilibrium allocation of a limited budget across platforms and draw managerial insights for both search engines and advertisers. We develop a model with two search engines and budget-limited advertisers who compete to obtain advertising slots across search p...