APPENDIX D TABLES 94 APPENDIX E FIGURES 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 iii LIST OF TABLES Table D1. Frequency of portrait types by geographic region. 94 Table D2. Frequency of portraits of Livia in context by portrait type. 95 Table D3. Frequency of the portrait types of Livia by date. 96 Table D4. Type of city with portraits of Livia by region of the Roman Empire. 97 Table D5. Architectural context of t...

This study explores seventh graders’ use of inscriptions in a teacher-designed project-based science unit. To investigate students’ learning practices during the 8-month water quality unit, we collected multiple sources of data (e.g., classroom video recordings, student artifacts, and teacher interviews) and employed analytical methods that drew from a naturalistic approach. The findings showed...

Buddhistic stone inscriptions (8th-12th centuries) are important cultural assets of China which need to be documented, analyzed, interpreted and visualized archaeologically, art-historically and text-scientifically. On one hand such buddhistic stone inscriptions have to be conserved for future generations but on the other hand further possibilities for analyzing the data could be enabled when t...

Stereotypically, computation involves intrinsic changes to the medium of representation: writing new symbols, erasing old symbols, turning ears, flipping switches, sliding abacus beads. Perspectival computation leaves the original inscriptions untouched. The problem solver obtains the output by merely alters his orientation toward the input. There is no rewriting or copying of the input inscrip...

This paper presents a translation of the Arkalochori Axe and the Malia Altar Stone inscriptions, which are some of the longest known Cretan Hieroglyph inscriptions together with the Phaistos Disk. The translations are checked using two consistency criteria. First, a synoptic transliteration is used that aligns symbols from several scripts that are evolutionarily related. When the phonetic value...

Oracle-bone inscriptions are pioneer mature characters in China, named as china archaic “record-base”. Because oracle-bone was not smoothness, and went through thousands years, its damage is very grievous, many spots covered up pristine inscriptions. In the paper we analyse the characteristic of rubbings and try wavelet transform for removing noise of different defective rubbings of oracle-bone...

The authors outline the way in which documents as social objects have evolved from their earliest forms to the electronic documents of the present day. They note that while certain featu res have remained consistent, processes regarding document authentication are seriously complicated by the easy reproducibility of digital entities. The authors argue that electronic documents also raise signif...

The ancient Greek astronomical calculating machine, known as the Antikythera Mechanism, predicted eclipses, based on the 223-lunar month Saros cycle. Eclipses are indicated on a four-turn spiral Saros Dial by glyphs, which describe type and time of eclipse and include alphabetical index letters, referring to solar eclipse inscriptions. These include Index Letter Groups, describing shared eclips...

Archaeological excavations in the sites of the Indus Valley civilization (2500 − 1900 BCE) in Pakistan and northwestern India have unearthed a large number of artifacts with inscriptions made up of hundreds of distinct signs. To date, there is no generally accepted decipherment of these sign sequences, and there have been suggestions that the signs could be non-linguistic. Here we apply complex...

Inscriptions of Sanationes from Sanctuaries of god Asclepius, testifying to the gratitude of patients to the divinity, present a situation, albeit fragmentary, of main diseases which physicians thought incurable or hardly curable. Sterility, calvities, worms, paralysis, as well as clinical disorders caused by rheuma appear, along with gout/podagra, in many inscriptions too. To counter them, pat...