This paper gives a status report on the conventional approaches to linear colliders at DESY, KEK, SLAC and INP-Protvino in the Sand X-Band regime. Critical topics are reviewed and a discussion of global issues such as future R&D requirements is included.

Objective(s): Injectable insulin is the most widely used therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes which has several disadvantages. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable insulin on diabetes mellitus-related complications in comparison to orally encapsulated insulin nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: This stu...

In this article, we suggested a novel design of polarization splitter based on coupler waveguide on InP substrate at 1.55mm wavelength. Photonic crystal structure is consisted of two dimensional (2D) air holes embedded in InP/InGaAsP material with an effective refractive index of 3.2634 which is arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The photonic band gap (PBG) of this structure is determined using t...

Hydrogen-induced exfoliation combined with wafer bonding has been used to transfer ;600-nm-thick films of ~100! InP to Si substrates. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy ~TEM! shows a transferred crystalline InP layer with no observable defects in the region near the bonded interface and an intimately bonded interface. InP and Si are covalently bonded as inferred by the fact that InP...

The growth and structural properties of self-assembled InP quantum dots are presented and discussed, together with their optical properties and associated carrier dynamics. The QDs are grown using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy in and on the two materials In0.48Ga0.52P (lattice matched to GaAs) and GaP. Under the proper growth conditions, formation of InP dots via the StranskiKrastanow mecha...

A novel Co/InP magnetic semiconductor nanocomposite was fabricated by electrodeposition magnetic Co nanoparticles into n-type porous InP templates in ethanol solution of cobalt chloride. The content or particle size of Co particles embedded in porous InP increased with increasing deposition time. Co particles had uniform distribution over pore sidewall surface of InP template, which was differe...

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (INP) were synthesized and stabilized using poly acrylic acid (PAA) to yield stabilized INP (S-INP). A two-dimensional physical model was used to study the fate and transport of the INP and S-INP in porous media under saturated, steady-state flow conditions. Transport data for a nonreactive tracer, INP, and S-INP were collected under similar flow conditions. The r...

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) active at modest supercooling (e.g. −8 C; INP−8) can transform clouds from liquid to mixed phase, even at very small number concentrations (< 10 m−3). Over the course of 15 months, we found very similar patterns in weekly concentrations of INP−8 in PM10 (median= 1.7 m−3, maximum= 10.1 m−3) and weekly amounts of rainfall (median= 28 mm, maximum= 153 mm) at Birkene...