background: spinal cord injury (sci) is a devastating situation.  spinal cord injury affects functional, psychological and socioeconomic aspects of patients' lives. the ability to accomplish and explicate the one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions to spread over appropriate information for confirming thoughts and actions is defined as emotional intelligence (ei). the goal of this study was...

background several lines of evidence suggest that early sensory stimulation and regular family visiting programs are potential nursing interventions to improve the outcomes of head injured comatose patients. however, little is known about the impacts of family involvement in providing sensory stimulation. objectives to determine the effects of a sensory stimulation program conducted by nurses a...

the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a guided family visiting, as an auditory and tactile stimulation, on the consciousness level of comatose head injury patients. a randomized controlled trial design was used. sixty-four comatose head injury patients were randomly allocated into a control group or an intervention group. patients in the intervention group were received audit...

background: health-related quality-of-life (hr-qol) may be affected by various factors including injury-related characteristics among individuals with spinal cord injury (sci). however, the impact of the influence of these variables has not yet been fully described in iranian population. here, we assessed the relationships between injury-related characteristics and hr-qol among iranian people w...

introduction: following a traumatic brain injury (tbi), the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines is major cause of cerebral edema that can cause permanent neuronal loss. this study examined the changes in brain concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines il-1, il-6, tnf-α and tgf- after different doses of estrogen or progesterone treatment in brain-injured rats at 6 and 24 h post-in...

introduction: in iran, thousands of young individuals become victims of head injury annually. head injury can damage neuronal cells which may in turn complicate the recovery of the patients. also, the increase of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) following head injury may contribute to the hypoxic-ischemia brain damage by catalyzing the formation of free radicals (harber-weiss rection). the obj...

Background: Following spinal cord injury, reactive astrocytes upregulate chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which act as a barrier to neuronal repair and regeneration. Therefore, enzymatic digestion of CSPGs by chondroitinase ABC (cABC) is a key strategy in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Furthermore, cABC has been shown to attenuate post spinal cord injury inflamma...

Introduction: Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines is major cause of cerebral edema that can cause permanent neuronal loss. This study examined the changes in brain concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF- after different doses of estrogen or progesterone treatment in brain-injured rats at 6 and 24 h post...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that leads to sudden loss of motor and autonomic function and sensory under the level of the injury. Studies showed that individuals with SCI has a clear tendency to vitamins level change. The aim of this study was to review the vitamins level in spinal cord injury. Vitamins C level decrease in the injured spinal cord patient. Vitamins C hav...

case presentation the patient was a 45-year-old male with t8 complete paraplegia; he had developed severe pressure ulcer. the authors used lllt as a complementary treatment. they used 980 nm, continuous 6 j/cm2 for margins and 655 nm, continuous 1.8 j/cm2 for bed of the ulcer, along with intravascular laser therapy. after 24 sessions of lllt and z-plasty surgery, the ulcer healed completely. co...