conclusions in comparison with the rate of hbcab positivity reported in other iranian studies, the rate was higher in the present study. there were a few variations, genotypes, and subtypes among the infected injecting drug users. further investigations are needed to unravel the molecular characterization of obi. results sixty-four (28%) participants were hbcab positive, 59 cases were hbcab pos...

the marked shift in the patterns of drug use in iran, from opium smoking to injecting drug use, has led to serious health-related outcomes. this study was designed to explore characteristics of people who inject drugs (pwid) in tehran, iran. nine hundred and four pwid were recruited from treatment and harm reduction facilities, as well as drug user hangouts in public areas in tehran. participan...

BACKGROUND Vancouver, Canada recently opened a medically supervised injecting facility (SIF) where injection drug users (IDU) can inject pre-obtained illicit drugs. Critics suggest that the facility does not help IDU to reduce their drug use. METHODS We conducted retrospective and prospective database linkages with residential detoxification facilities and used generalized estimating equation...