since the last few years, criminal policy authorities of iran started to withdraw their previous emphasis on repressive approaches and under the impact of criminological studies and translation of policy initiatives in western countries new concept and vocabulary were entered into official discourse and criminal justice policy of iran. consequently, a list of community-based approaches to crimi...

There is an overall legitimacy crisis in courts. The sources of this crisis have, to a large extent, been misconstrued. While there has been significant writing depicting the diminished quality, effectiveness, and fairness of courts, these phenomena have, for the most part, been viewed as distinct problems that warrant discrete solutions. This article shows that these problems are all manifesta...

OBJECTIVE Nursing homes that are not meeting quality standards are cited for deficiencies. Before 1995, the only recourse for a nursing home was a formal appeal process, which is lengthy and costly. In 1995, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services instituted the Informal Dispute Resolution (IDR) process. This study presents for the first time national statistics about the IDR process and a...

This paper proposes a new framework for the analysis of collective labour dispute resolution. It begins by explaining why dominant conceptual frameworks in IR and law scholarship are insufficient on their own to capture plurality regulatory sources that bear upon The authors then draw theoretical insights from studies presence interaction multiple orders, socio-legal resolution, propose enables...