background surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. the search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. methods this study was carried out ...

Reduction mammaplasty with nipple-areolar transposition on a medial pedicle was designed as an alternative to amputation and free nipple graft for women with severe mammary hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to review the viability and sensory outcome of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) in 72 women (133 breasts) after medial pedicle and inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty between 199...

BACKGROUND Surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. METHODS This study was car...

Fig . 1.A, Shallow oblique view of lumbar spine (about 10° of rotation) on anteroposterior fluoroscopy demonstrates borders of "third pedicle ": inferior margin of superior lamina (short arrow). superior margin of inferior lamina (long arrow) , and cortical margins of spinous process and pedicle (arrowheads). B, Using "third pedicle" as target , spinal needle is passed parallel to central fluor...

OBJECT The C-2 pedicle plays an important role regarding screw purchase for spinal fixation. The aim of this study was to measure the C-2 pedicle-related linear and angular parameters. METHODS Seven parameters in 160 C-2 pedicles (80 dry vertebrae) were measured using a Vernier caliper (accurate to 0.1 mm) and goniometer. The Student t-test was used to determine statistical significance. The ...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel landmark for the cervical pedicle screw insertion point. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE To improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, several studies have employed the lateral mass, lateral vertical notch, and/or inferior articular process as landmarks; however, we often encounter patients in whom we...

Objective: We describe a modification of the inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty for oncoplastic reconstruction of a central tumor defect. Our technique involved a deepithelialized L-shaped medial inferior based flap with removal of lateral breast tissue after central lumpectomy with a contralateral Wise-pattern mastopexy with inferior pedicle for symmetry. This technique is ideal for patien...

OBJECTIVE Although several clinical applications of transpedicular screw fixation in the cervical spine have been documented recently, few anatomic studies concerning the cervical pedicle are available. This study was designed to evaluate the anatomy and adjacent neural relationships of the middle and lower cervical pedicle (C3-C7). The main objective is to provide accurate information for tran...