background and objectives: pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pjp) is a chronic fungal infection that caused by p. ji- rovecii . disease is more prevalent among the hiv-infected patients. the colonization of pneumocystis in human respiratory system is associated with the airway inflammation and obstruction. the current study was conducted to identify the preva- lence of p. jirovecii among the pa...

objective: hepatitis c virus (hcv) is one of the most relevant persistent infections afflicting the human population. control of viral replication in hcv infection has been associated with the cellular component of the host immune response. several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this abnormal immune response, among them an altered activity of regulatory t cells (tregs) being the most ...

Infected urachal cysts are a rare clinical manifestation in adults. We present the case of a female patient with an infected urachal cyst, discuss the embryology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and the therapeutic procedure and make a comparison with the literature.

Background and Aims: Co-infection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients can develop and increase liver disease and hepatic complications in the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of HEV infection in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study testing anti-HEV antibodies in serum...

background clinical observations have shown that patients infected with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype c versus genotype b had a higher load of the virus, more serious illness, and poorer responses to antiviral therapy and prognosis. however, the disparity between the two has not been clarified. objectives to explore possible relationship between hbv genotypes b and c and peripheral b...

Background: Due to their similar routes of transmission, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection occurs considerably. HBV infection progresses more rapidly in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, HBV vaccination of all non-immune HIV infected patients is recommended. On the other hand, HIV-infected subjects have suboptimal responses to HBV vaccine. In this study...

conclusions these findings suggest that nmr-based urinary metabonomics approach might be a useful tool for the clinical diagnosis of depression in hbv-infected patients and the six potential biomarkers could be helpful for developing an objective diagnostic method. limited by the number of recruited subjects, future studies are required to validate our conclusions. patients and methods in this ...

  Introduction : The decreased level of immunity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients increases their vulnerability to various opportunistic fungal infections. Oral candidiasis has been found to be the most common fungal infection among HIV infected patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the spectrum of various opportunistic fungal infections and their correlat...

Evidence has shown that liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses can be more aggressive and severe in HIV infected subjects. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HDV infection among HIV/HBV co-infected clients in Shiraz, southwest Iran. In this study, 178 patients co-infected with HBV and HIV individuals were enrolled. The diagnosis of HIV infect...