in this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. the nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 khz. the induction method was used for charging the output droplets. all experiments w...

The thermodynamics of irreversible processes in continuous media predicts the existence of a magnetic Nernst effect that results from a magnetic analog to the Seebeck effect in a ferromagnet and magnetophoresis occurring in a paramagnetic electrode in contact with the ferromagnet. Thus, a voltage that has DC and AC components is expected across a Pt electrode as a response to the inhomogeneous ...

Electrostatic charging has long been used to improve the efficiency of a range of sprayed liquids. However, the benefits have not until recently been available for exploitation by domestic sprays due to the need for a high voltage power supply. A minimum charge-to-mass ratio (q/m) of 1 × 10 C/kg is generally considered necessary to elicit electrostatic benefits. This level of charge can now be ...

The first part of this article presents an update of the basic considerations of neuromuscular monitoring. It emphasises the need to assure supramaximal stimulation, to place the stimulating electrodes correctly and to use appropriate sites for nerve stimulation as well as appropriate stimulation patterns. The second part focuses on current developments and ongoing discussion. The authors descr...

We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of artificial pneumothorax induction to perform computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for sub-diaphragm hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). From June 2008 to October 2010 at our institution, 19 HCCs (16 patients) were treated using CT-guided RFA after artificial pneumothorax induction. A 23-G needle was inserted into the...

of ECT Illustrates the Roles of Current Directionality, Polarity, and Electrode Configuration in Seizure Induction Timothy Spellman, Angel V Peterchev and Sarah H Lisanby* Division of Brain Stimulation and Therapeutic Modulation, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a mainstay in the treatment o...