the contemporary french literature beholds the considerable presence of works which frankly speak of the writer’s “self”. the trinal circles of writer-character-narrator triangle is mixed and created a current of literature dominated by the “first person”. many critics believe this matter demonstrates the dominance if “individualism” in today’s society. meaning, an individual society which plac...

We examined the negative effects of individualism in an East Asian culture. Although individualistic systems decrease interpersonal relationships through competition, individualistic values have prevailed in European American cultures. One reason is because individuals could overcome negativity by actively constructing interpersonal relationships. In contrast, people in East Asian cultures do n...

Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conXict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible beneWt of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualis...

Science-based policy making and assessments are individualistic insofar as they are sensitive to interindividual differences, intraindividual connectivity, or both. Several scientists and policymakers have argued that nonhuman animal welfare should relate to individual animals, but there are reasons for both individualistic and nonindividualistic approaches. Opportunities to develop more indivi...