background: in nuclear medicine application often it is required to use computational methods for evaluation of organ absorbed dose. monte carlo simulation and phantoms have been used in many works before. the shape, size and volume in organs are varied, and this variation will produce error in dose calculation if no correction is applied. materials and methods: a computational framework for co...

Background: In nuclear medicine application often it is required to use computational methods for evaluation of organ absorbed dose. Monte Carlo simulation and phantoms have been used in many works before. The shape, size and volume in organs are varied, and this variation will produce error in dose calculation if no correction is applied. Materials and Methods: A computational framewo...

introduction: in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, dosimetric studies are performed on the dosimetric systems in order to comply the radiation safety standards. monte carlo methods are used due to the high complexity and cost of patient-specific phantom construction. the high complexity of the digitized phantoms greatly increases the time and computational task of the monte carlo calculati...

The quality and realism of simulated images is currently limited by the quality of the digital phantoms used for the simulations. The transition from simple raster based phantoms to more detailed geometric (mesh) based phantoms has the potential to increase the usefulness of the simulated data. A preliminary breast phantom which contains 12 distinct tissue classes along with the tissue properti...

Most models of animal choice behaviour assume that desirable but unavailable options, such as a high quality, but inhabited nest sites, do not influence an individual's preferences for the remaining options. However, experiments suggest that in mammals, the mere presence of such 'phantom' alternatives can alter, and even reverse, an individual's preferences for other items in a choice set. Phan...

Introduction: Existing phantoms have been constructed based on Caucasian, non-Caucasian and race-specific datasets. According to previous studies made efforts to present Korean- specific phantoms and Chinese female phantom based on CVH dataset due to compare the resulting internal dosimetry with the Caucasian based data showed possible racial difference in human anatomy between ...

background: the purpose of this study is to fabricate inexpensive in-house low cost homogeneous and heterogeneous human equivalent thorax phantom and assess the dose accuracy of the treatment planning systems (tps) calculated values for different lung treatment dosimetery. it is compared with thermoluminescent dosimeter (tld) measurement. materials and methods: homogeneous and heterogeneous tho...

background: this study assessed the clinical usefulness of the solid phantom, which may compensate for the disadvantages of the water phantom, by comparing the radiological doses between the two depending on their depths. materials and methods: the experimental equipment used was a linear accelerator for medical use, water phantom, solid phantom, farmer type ion chamber and electrometer. the di...

The study of phantom limbs has received tremendous impetus from recent studies linking changes in cortical topography with perceptual experience. Systematic psychophysical testing and functional imaging studies on patients with phantom limbs provide 2 unique opportunities. First, they allow us to demonstrate neural plasticity in the adult human brain. Second, by tracking perceptual changes (suc...