let $g$ be a simple graph. an independent set is a set ofpairwise non-adjacent vertices. the number of vertices in a maximum independent set of $g$ isdenoted by $alpha(g)$. in this paper, we characterize graphs $g$ with $n$ vertices and with maximumnumber of maximum independent sets provided that $alpha(g)leq 2$ or $alpha(g)geq n-3$.

In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...

in this note we are going to survey several invariants of finite groups related either to their orders or to generating sets or to lattices of subgroups. some relations among these invariants will be exhibited. special attention will be paid to monotonicity of them.

let $g=(v,e)$ be a simple graph. a set $ssubseteq v$ isindependent set of $g$,  if no two vertices of $s$ are adjacent.the  independence number $alpha(g)$ is the size of a maximumindependent set in the graph. in this paper we study and characterize the independent sets ofthe zero-divisor graph $gamma(r)$ and ideal-based zero-divisor graph $gamma_i(r)$of a commutative ring $r$.

let $r$ be a commutative ring. in this paper, by using algebraic properties of $r$, we study the hase digraph of prime ideals of $r$.

(Note that for circuits we implicitly assume that ∅ / ∈ C(M), just as we assume that for matroids ∅ ∈ I.) Proof: 1. follows from the definition that a circuit is a minimally dependent set, and therefore a circuit cannot contain another circuit. 2. Let X, Y ∈ C(M) where X 6= Y , and e ∈ X ∩ Y . From 1, it follows that X \ Y is non-empty; let f ∈ X \ Y . Assume on the contrary that (X ∪ Y ) − e i...

For any field F, the set of all functions f : V (G) → F whose sum on each maximal independent set is constant forms a vector space over F. In this paper, we show that the dimension can vary depending on the characteristic of the field. We also investigate the dimensions of these vector spaces and show that while some families, such as chordal graphs, have unbounded dimension, other families, su...

A graph G is well-covered provided each maximal independent set of vertices has the same cardinality. The term sk of the independence sequence (s0, s1, . . . , sα) equals the number of independent k-sets of vertices of G. We investigate constraints on the linear orderings of the terms of the independence sequence of well-covered graphs. In particular, we provide a counterexample to the recent u...

A graph is well covered if every maximal independent set has the same size and very well covered if every maximal independent set contains exactly half the number of vertices. In this paper, we present an alternative characterization of a certain sub-class of well-covered graphs and show that this generalizes a characterization of very well covered graphs given by Favaron 3].