Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to “brain drain” from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counti...

"The purpose of this [one-page] note is to empirically investigate the impact of geographic after-tax real income differentials on geographic population growth rate differentials. The focus is on population growth rates in Florida's 67 counties over the period 1980-88." The authors conclude that "even after allowing for a variety of other location-influencing factors, including coastal access...

This paper addresses some ethnic dimensions of inequality in the distribution of income amongst New Zealanders over the period 1983/84 – 1997/98, a period characterised by wideranging economic social reforms in New Zealand. The principal method used in the study is a new technique of decomposition of the Gini coefficient of inequality by subgroups of population where the incomes of individuals ...

Agriculture has to keep pace with the food requirements of increasing human populations. Also, with rising incomes, the consumption of meat and dairy products also rises. This has been very vividly reflected in several countries in South East Asia, including Malaysia. Meat consumption per capita is now well above 5% per year, and is likely to rise further. A major justification for improved ani...

Population growth and economic change are tightly bound together. The very high rates of population growth in the poor countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America complicate the resolution of basic economic problems and make it more difficult to assure an adequate rate of growth of income per capita. Simultaneously, the relative stagnation of per capita incomes, especially in the rural areas o...

We analyse the economic performance, measured in terms of relative income positions, of various ethnic groups in the UK and West Germany, as well as the effects of income redistribution on these populations. The two countries under investigation differ strongly with respect to their welfare state arrangements as well as the socio-economic structure of their immigrant populations. We use data fr...

The impact of pollution and abatement policy within a stochastic endogenous growth model is analyzed. Environmental care is provided by the government and financed through income taxation and government bonds. Due to environmental preferences and partial perception of the individual’s impact on pollution, government debt influences equilibrium growth. Hence, there is an additional growth effect...

The literature comparing fully funded (FF) and pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed public pension systems in small, open economies stresses the importance of the Aaron condition as an empirical measure to decide which system can be expected to lead to a higher long-run welfare. A country with a PAYG system has a higher level of utility than a country with a FF system if the growth rate of total wage...

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined potential disparities in access to transportation infrastructures, an important determinant of population health. PURPOSE To examine individual- and area-level disparities in access to the road network, public transportation system, and a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. METHODS Examining associations between sociodemographic variables a...