Investigating banks’ status has always been a concern to its management and regulatory decisions, which can be carried out by means of income diversification and CAMEL composite. The importance of income diversification is to decline the operation risk. The soundness of banking is also another essential component in the banking industry that can be evaluated by CAMEL. This article’s two primary...

nonfarm activities play an important role in the determination of rural household income, consumption expenditure, and household food security. however, much less studies have been devoted to the factors that influence nonfarm income diversification by farm household in developing countries. using cross-sectional data and a probit model, this study attempts to determine the factors influencing ...

There are five key interrelated dimensions of the agricultural water/poverty reduction relationship: production, income/consumption, employment, vulnerability/food security, and overall welfare. In general, irrigation access allows poor people to increase their production and incomes and enhances income diversification opportunities, reducing vulnerability caused by seasonality and other factor...

In China, income diversification has become a useful method for the rural households to smooth their income and maintain a sustainable mode of consumption. Additionally, income diversification affects rural consumption differently in regions with different income levels. In this paper, I have analyzed the impacts of income diversification on the peasants’ consumption in the Chinese rural areas ...

Asset, activity and income diversification lie at the heart of livelihood strategies in rural Africa. This paper introduces a special issue on the topic “Income Diversification and Livelihoods in Rural Africa: Cause and Consequence of Change.” We concentrate on core conceptual issues that bedevil the literature on rural income diversification and the policy implications of the empirical evidenc...

Recent literature shows that income diversification is an important strategy for rural households to manage drought risk in arid and semiarid regions. This article examines whether income diversification can help rural households to overcome the adverse impact of drought in Northern China. Based on field interview data from 291 rural households in 13 townships of Northern China, we found that r...

vermicomposting, or using worms along with bacteria and fungi to recycle agricultural and organic wastes into nutrient-rich bio-fertilizer, has a variety of uses including protecting plants from disease. through semi-structured in-person interviews, vermicompost practitioners across kermanshah province of iran were surveyed to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (swo...

The paper examines, taking into account the urban-rural divides, the changes and welfare implications of income diversification in Zimbabwe following macroeconomic policy changes and droughts of the early 1990s. Data from two comparable national income, consumption and expenditure surveys show that the percentage of households earning income from private and informal sources grew considerably w...