limitations in the design method used for the support systems of urban buildings make them vulnerable to damage by adjacent excavations. this paper examines a traditional system used to support excavation sites and adjacent buildings in which inclined struts are connected to the wall or foundation of the adjacent building. this method can be considered to be a type of shoring or underpinning. t...

The classical truss model (or strut-and-tie model) for shear failure of reinforced concrete beams is modified to describe fracture phenomena during failure. The failure is assumed to be caused by propagation of a compression fracture across the concrete strut during the portion of the loading history in which the maximum load is reached. The compression fracture may consist of a band of splitti...

It occurred to me, therefore, to use a long internal peg or strut, such as would render unnecessary any further f ixation and would afford absolute rigidity. I have used pegs of various shapes, cylindrical, cross-sectional, and solid rods; and I am inclined to think that the last named are the best, because they give maximum strength and there is an avoidance of hollows and crevices which form ...

Strut-and-Tie Models (STM) for the design of concrete beams, comprising of struts, ties, nodes as the basic tools, is conceptually simple, but its realization for complex concrete structure is not straightforward and depends on flow of internal forces in the structure. STM technique has won wide acceptance for deep member and shear design. STM technique is a unified approach that considers all ...

This paper presents a new model, called the "shear-friction truss model," for slender reinforced concrete beams to derive a clear and simple design equation for their ultimate shear strength. In this model, a portion of the shear strength is provided by shear reinforcement as in the traditional truss model, and the remainder by the shear-friction mechanism. Friction resistance is derived consid...

The vertical rotation method is a special option for steel tower construction in fabricated bridge. tall prefabricated on the ground and then pulled to its designed position using wires. Traditional always uses taller temporary structure provide an upward pull force lift member; however, would spend much time, cost, work high above ground. For instance, Jinwu Bridge tower’s weight was so heavy ...

One practical excavation support system is the inclined struts connected to adjacent buildings. This method is very common in small excavations, because of simplicity and minimum cost, when soil is cohesive and depth of excavation is less than stability depth (Hcr) but adjacent structures is at risk of damage due to weakness, old age or lack of proper skeleton frame. Although this method ...

OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of columellar struts and cephalic trim on tip projection and tip rotation using digitized photographs. METHODS Using photographs of 62 patients who underwent external rhinoplasty, we retrospectively analyzed nasal tip projection (the Goode method) and rotation (nasolabial angle) before and after surgery. A cartilaginous strut was used in 36 patients, whereas 26...