background: icter is the most prevalent disease in newborns. although most of the newborns affiliated with this seem healthy in other aspects, there is always a fear for toxic complication of indirect hyperbilirobinemia in the central nervous system. if the level of indirect bilirobin increases in the plasma to a level, which denotes the probability of danger, phototherapy must be carried out i...

background : some characteristics of lighting sources such as color properties and ultraviolet emissions have important roles on visual and non-visual health effects of lighting. this study aimed to investigate the light emissions of some compact fluorescent lamps (cfls) and incandescent lamps commercially available to the iranian consumers. methods: sixty lamps included 48 single envelope cfls...

For a vacuum filled tungsten incandescent light bulb using filament length and radius, simple non-empirical equations can predict current vs voltage, power temperature voltage. These be used to lifetime as function of the evaporation energy atom temperature.

In the present paper, two light sources commonly used in interior lighting system: incandescent light and light emitting diode (LED) were chosen to evaluate their influences on three kinds of mammalian cells, together with UVA and UVB, and the mechanism of the photocytotoxicity was investigated in terms of intracellular ROS production, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity and GSH level assays. The ...

Ron D. Katznelson and John Howells ABSTRACT We provide an anatomy of the influence of Edison’s incandescent lamp patent U.S. 223,898 on downstream development and show how subsequent inventor activity adjusts to the improved certainty provided by court decisions as to the boundaries of a patent’s claims. First, we show that court decisions upholding Edison’s patent generated a surge of patent f...