conclusions health managers in iran should continuously monitor the coverage of vaccination with at least three doses of opv in the level of over 95%, monitor the health of the helmand river water which comes from afghanistan to iran, vaccinate the immigrants and replace bivalent vaccine (bopv) with trivalent (topv) vaccine. context the wild polio virus is disrupted in all countries in the worl...

Worldwide efforts to eradicate polio caused a tipping point in polio vaccination strategies. A switch from the oral polio vaccine, which can cause circulating and virulent vaccine derived polioviruses, to inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) is scheduled. Moreover, a manufacturing process, using attenuated virus strains instead of wild-type polioviruses, is demanded to enhance worldwide production ...

The 2013 deadline for the worldwide goal to eradicate polio has come and gone, with a new endgame set for 2018.1,2 Although cases of polio have decreased by 99% worldwide since 1988, geopolitical conflicts have exacerbated its spread—Syria, Ethiopia, and Kenya have reported polio infections, and Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan remain endemic.3,4 The virus has resurfaced in Israel, and might ...

The World Health Organization declared India among other 10 countries in South East Region - as 'polio-free' in 2014. Since then, the Government of India (GoI) has scaled up its initiatives against polio endgame which targets virus eradication and sequential withdrawal of type 2 virus from oral polio vaccine (OPV). However, prior to choosing the switch from trivalent OPV (t-OPV) to bivalent OPV...

Polio (poliomyelitis) is a potentially dangerous viral ailment. To combat this disease, researchers developed two polio vaccines (inactivated and live) grown in cultures made from monkey kidneys. Beginning in the 1950s, these vaccines were administered to millions of people in the United States and throughout the world. Officially, the polio vaccine is considered safe and effective, and has bee...

The development of new low cost inactivated polio virus based vaccines (IPV) is a high priority, and will be required to eradicate polio. In addition, such a vaccine constitutes the only realistic polio vaccine in the post-eradication era. One way to reduce the cost of a vaccine is to increase immunogenicity by use of adjuvants. The CAF01 adjuvant has previously been shown to be a safe and pote...

Since the introduction of vaccines against polio in the mid 1950s (Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)) and the earl 1960s (Oral polio vaccine (OPV)), the control of polio has been successful. However, vaccine associated paralytic disease, which is caused by reversion of OPV, remains an unsolved issue in the present. Even though OPV has ability to induce a high level of intestinal immunity, it may ...

While seven years have passed since 2000, the target set for the eradication of polio, success remains elusive. In 2006, despite coordinated international efforts, there was no major breakthrough in containing the polio virus, which persists in a few pockets in the four countries in which it is endemic. The polio eradication programme faces new hurdles such as importation, re-emergence and fail...

As the world takes rapid strides in the eradication of polio, the trivalent inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) would be the only polio vaccine available in the near future. Since the maintenance of herd immunity is important for sustaining polio eradication, this vaccine would need to be used in the early childhood immunization schedule for many years to come [1]. WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of...