The major argument of this essay is that Kipling treats the colonial subject as the "other," and Forster proves to be almost as pro-Empire as writers like Kipling. Nevertheless, A Passage to India is eloquent in rejecting British values and introducing Indian voices. This novel records a shift in attitude in terms of exposing the bitter realities about and attitudes of British imperialists. Des...

the adaptation of sociological theories to historical subjects, despite the problems it encounters, is something that new historiography should start to do for dynamism and to avoid pure quotation of historical events and it should enjoy the results of other fields studies, especially sociology. in this case, system theory has an important position in appropriate analysis and explanation of his...

with the french occupation of egypt in 1798 ad, the communication route of britain to india was threatened and a new stage of conflict and competition began between the two countries in eastern mediterranean, ottoman, iran, indian ocean and the persian gulf. although threats temporarily subsided with the french abandoning egypt, but the continuous french expansionism in the east caused them per...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...

during late nineteenth century, khuzistan was considered to be the most fertile land of persia which at one time had yielded $ 50 million if calculated on 1962 price index. many british officials presented in iran and india office have recorded the abundance of water through a network of five rivers and canals, making khuzistan a fertile ground for major staple and cash crops. at the time when ...

In the years between 1760 and 1860, India was the main focus of European colonial expansion. Under the auspices of the East India Company, the British annexed territory, first, in Bengal and southern India, and later in the north and west of the subcontinent. The north-eastern territories of Assam and Sikkim were also brought under British rule during the nineteenth century, together with what ...

The White Author’s Burden: Justifications of Empire in the Fiction of British India identifies a transformation in Anglo-Indian literature by exploring various fictional works (including novels, short stories, and poems) written by British authors between 1800 and 1924. Before 1857 (the year of the widespread Indian Rebellions that challenged British rule), Anglo-Indian literature focused exclu...

the importance or centrality of persian histories (whether imperial, regional or universal) can be gauged from the deep reliance placed by british historians on them for their own understanding of india’s past. the examples are numerous: dow, erskine, elliot and dowson explored persian sources for their writings. stewart also based his history of bengal mainly on persian materials; mill did not...