rubella a benign viral and modestly contagious illness in children, becomes a very dangerous story when acquired by pregnant women. the potential of its teratogenicity is obvious. since prevention is preferred to treatment, diagnosis of rubella infection syndrome being difficult in early stages of pregnancy, the uncertainly about fetuses being really infected and therapeutic abortion because of...

in order to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of pomegranate peel powder (ppp), this research was conducted as completely randomized design arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment using pomegranate peel powder (0 and 2 percent) and soybean oil (so, zero and six percent in growing period; zero and eight percent in finishing period). one hundred and sixty 11-day-old ross 308 broi...

introduction: measles is a severe contagious disease preventable by vaccination. besides the prevalence of measles in iran, ministry of health conducted a nation-wide vaccination against measles for all the 5-25 years old population in 2003. this study was done to evaluate the anti measles igg antibody among the medical students from baqiyatallah university of medical science. materials & metho...

background: erythropoietin (epo) was first known as a factor for red blood cell proliferation and differentiation. new studies show the effects of epo on immune system. objective: in this study, the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuepo) on the anti-human leukocyte antibody (anti-hla) titer were determined. methods: three groups of rats were sensitized with human...

objectives: ctxb (cholera toxin b subunit) contributes to a vaccine's efficacy by stimulating production of the anti-ctxb antibody. various attempts have been made to increase production of this antibody. chitosan is a mucoadhesive polysaccharide that has tremendous potential for oral vaccine delivery in terms of its exclusive features that include biocompatibility, biodegradability, high charg...

background & aim: a feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of periodically use of garlic on growth ‎performance, and antibody titer to newcastle and infectious bursal diseases in broiler ‎chickens. experimental: ross broiler chicks randomly allocated into the 10 dietary treatments ‎for 6 weeks. a 3 × 4 factorial experiment was used as three periods of feeding (starter, grower...

Avian Influenza (AI) is causing heavy economic losses in domestic poultry all over the world. It is caused by a highly pathogenic virus H5N1. The present study was aimed at assessing the quality control parameters during the process of vaccine production. The virus was recovered from lungs, trachea and fecal contents of the infected birds in chicken embryos. Binary ethylenimine (5mM) inactivate...

background and aims: vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. mass vaccination campaigns and expanded program of immunization (epi) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as congenital rubella syndrome (crs)....