background and aims. impacted lower third molar is found in 90% of the general population. impacted lower third molar surgery may result in periodontal complications on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flap design on the periodontal status of the second molar after lower third molar surgery. materials and methods. twenty patien...

introdouction: impacted and partially erupted third molars can cause various symptoms and pathologies. the aim of this study was to determine the association between commonly observed pathological conditions and the impaction depth of lower third molar teeth. materials and methods: in this retrospective study, 370 panoramic radiographs including 724 lower third molars were evaluated to assess s...

third molar eruption is an unpredictable event. occasionally, mandibular third molars undergo angular changes in young adults. this rotational drift is of unknown etiology, is not predictable and may facilitate the eruption or may make the impaction worse. a rare case is presented with severe rotational drift of a mesioangularly impacted mandibular third molar.

Background & Aims: Before the surgery of lower impacted third molars, it is essential to evaluate the relationship of the roots to mandibular canal using radiographies in order to avoid postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiographs in assessing this relationship. Methods: This was a prospective study. The study population consist...

BACKGROUND Before extracting impacted lower third molars, dentists must first identify the spatial relationship between the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and an impacted lower third molar to prevent nerve injury from the extraction. Nevertheless, the current method for describing the spatial relationship between the IAN and an impacted lower third molar is deficient. Therefore, the objectives o...