kidney transplantation in children is the treatment of choice to treat end stage renal disease. improvements in immunosuppressive management have dramatically reduced the risk of early acute rejection and graft loss, however the long term results in terms of graft survival and morbidity still require search for new immunosuppressive regimens. reducing of side effects are the challenges for impr...

Lupus nephritis leads to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematous. Immunosuppressive agents are recommended in management of Class III, IV and V lupus nephritis. The goals of therapy are to control the disease and to prevent relapse while minimizing side-effects of therapy. Most of the evidences in managements of Class III and IV lupus nephritis comes fro...

Opioid receptors and their ligands produce powerful analgesia that is effective in perioperative period and chronic pain managements accompanied with various side effects including respiratory depression, constipation and addiction etc. Opioids can also interfere with the immune system, not only participating in the function of the immune cells, but also modulating innate and acquired immune re...

We report a case of May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA) in a woman who had a successful labor and delivery under epidural anesthesia. MHA is an inherited thrombocytopenia easily misdiagnosed as idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Early and appropriate diagnosis of MHA during pregnancy is essential for optimal maternal and neonatal delivery outcome. Additionally, it can avoid unnecessary d...

Process-based computer models have been proposed as a tool to generate data for Phosphorus (P) Index assessment and development. Although models are commonly used to simulate P loss from agriculture using managements that are different from the calibration data, this use of models has not been fully tested. The objective of this study is to determine if the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXt...

Azathioprine is one of the triple therapy immunosuppressive agents used in patients renal transplant. being successfully majority graft. But dreaded complications caused by it severe bone-marrow suppression. Here I am reporting a case severe, life- threatening suppression 30 years old male patient The very important and attention needed to be given health care professionals clinicians. underwen...

The outcome of a transplanted organ depends frequently upon the occurrence of allograft rejection and infection episodes. These 2 events are closely related. On one side, immunosuppressive therapy is required to avoid allograft rejection, but on the other side this therapy facilitates the occurrence of infections (1). A better understanding of allograft rejection mechanisms along with new immun...

the immunosuppressive effect of antimacrophage serum (ams) on the primary immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells (srbc) was studied. ams, given before a small dose of antigen, abrogated the immune response. transplantation of normal, galss-adherent macrophages enabled ams-treated animals to respond to srbc, while administration of lymph node lymphocytes did not reveres ams - induced i...