Immunostimulants, which are also known as immunostimulators are substances comprising of drugs and nutrients that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation, or increasing activity of any of its components. During the last two decades very intensive investigations are carried out for the production of a novel category of biologically active substances known to the world as “Immunostimul...

A number microbial components and plant products such as polysaccharides, lentinan, levamisole, schizophyllan, oligosaccharides, muramyl dipeptide and yeast derivatives have been used as immunostimulants in aquaculture to stimulate the innate immune system of fish and shrimp. Among the all the immunostimulants examined, Betaglucans were found to be most promising immunostimulants, which are use...

BACKGROUND Several immunostimulants presume to prevent respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children, but their efficacy is controversial. OBJECTIVES To compile the findings of the randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) on the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children using immunostimulants, and to perform a meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE data...

Immunomodulators are natural or synthetic materials that regulate the immune system and induce innate and adaptive defense mechanisms. These substances are classified into two types, immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. Immunostimulants can enhance body's resistance against various infections through increasing the basal levels of immune response. These agents could increase the oxidative a...

The effectiveness of three immunostimulants viz., vitamin C, levamisole and chitin on the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity of haemolymph, response to challenge studies and growth performance of juveniles of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) was assessed by oral administration of these immunostimulants to the shrimps. The levels of incorporation of these immunostimulants in shrimp fe...

The use of immunostimulants from papaya leaves as a treatment strategy for fish diseases has gained attention in the field aquaculture. Initial studies have shown that active compounds potential to enhance immune system and combat disease infections. Previous revealed administration leaf extracts feed can stimulate responses, including activating cells such macrophages increasing antibody produ...

This review describes the adjuvanticity of novel diterpenoids (synthetic phytol derivatives) compared to some commercially available adjuvants. The efficacy of the phytol-derived immunostimulants was evaluated in terms of their ability to activate innate immunity, amplify various antigen-specific immune responses, and engender immunological memory with no discernible adverse effects in both com...

Improving the immune system in fish as an effort to prevent from disease attacks caused by pathogenic organisms, because on are projected continue grow and cause mass death of cultured fish. Giving immunostimulants additives feed can be a strategy improve fish's system. Immunostimulants compounds that able increase non-specific response or innate response. Nigella sativa L known