rotavirus, a triple-layered non-enveloped member of the reoviridae family, obtained a transient membrane envelope when newly synthesized subviral particles bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (er). as rotavirus particles mature, they lose their transient membrane and obtain outer layer. it is mostly believed that only double layered particles bud into the er. the present study describes that the...

when grown in monolayer culture at low density and with the addition of serum, cartilage cells dedifferentiate or are overgrown by fibroblast-like cells. the aim of this study was to optimize the cultivation of chondrocytes in monolayer culture and to slow down their transformation or their overgrowth by fibroblast-like cells. the interaction between chondrocytes and cartilage-specifc matrix is...

The ultrastructural detection and identification of human retroviruses--HTLV (human T-cell lymphotropic virus) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)--have become an everyday task for pathologists and virologists as well as for cell and molecular biologists. The development of better and conventionally available immunocytochemical techniques, such as pre- or postembedding immunocytochemical met...