Pedal ganglia excised and maintained in culture for up to 2 h, release NO at low levels. The range can vary between 0 to 1.1 nM. Non-stimulated immunocytes do not significantly stimulate ganglionic NO release when incubated with pedal ganglia. However, ganglia exposed to immunocytes that had been previously activated by a 30 min incubation with interleukin 1 beta, release NO significantly above...

Immune responses are based on the coordinated searching behaviors of immunocytes that are aimed at tracking down specific targets. The search efficiency of immunocytes significantly affects the speed of initiation and development of immune responses. Previous studies have shown that not only the intermittent walk but also the zigzag turning preference of immunocytes contributes to the search ef...

The mechanisms that underlie directional cell migration are incompletely understood. Eph receptors usually guide migrations of cells by exclusion from regions expressing Ephrin. In sea urchin embryos, pigmented immunocytes are specified in vegetal epithelium, transition to mesenchyme, migrate, and re-enter ectoderm, distributing in dorsal ectoderm and ciliary band, but not ventral ectoderm. Imm...

The densities of IgG-, IgA-, IgM- and IgD-producing immunocytes were determined by paired immunofluorescence staining and morphometric analysis in the lamina propria of normal appendix specimens. Normal colon specimens were used as reference material, mostly paired from individual subjects. The density (median of cells/mm2 lamina propria area) of IgA immunocytes tended to be slightly higher in ...

The combined-immunotherapy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) is one of the most efficient treatments for melanoma patients. However, no synergistic effects of CTX and ACT on the spatio-temporal dynamics of immunocytes in vivo have been described. Here, we visualized key cell events in immunotherapy-elicited immunoreactions in a multicolor-coded tumor microenvironment, an...

Establishing direct and causal relationships among the confederacy of activated cell types present in psoriasis has been hampered by lack of an animal model. Within psoriatic plaques there are hyperplastic keratinocytes, infiltrating immunocytes, and activated endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if psoriasis is primarily a disorder of keratinocytes or the immune system...

PURPOSE The aims of this study are to establish a new method for simultaneously detecting the interactions between cancer cells and immunocytes in malignant ascites (MA) and to propose a new model for MA classification. METHODS A quantum dot (QD)-based multiplexed imaging technique was developed for simultaneous in situ imaging of cancer cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages. This method was fi...

An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to visualise immunoglobulin-containing cells in the large intestinal mucosa of 10 children who had defunctioning colostomies. Intestine deprived of its usual exposure to intraluminal antigens contained less immunocytes per unit area than intestinal mucosa subjected to normal stimulation by dietary and microbial antigens. These findings substantiate i...

The numbers of mast cells and of IgE-containing immunocytes in the bowel wall of patients suffering from Crohn's disease of ulcerative colitis have been estimated and the results compared with those found in normal control specimens. In ulcerative colitis there is a slight rise in the number of mast cells and it appears that these participate in the inflammatory process in a non-specific manner...