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BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pediatric Critical Illness Stress-induced Immune Suppression (CRISIS) trial compared the effectiveness of 2 nutraceutical supplementation strategies and found no difference in the development of nosocomial infection and sepsis in the overall population. We performed an exploratory post hoc analysis of interaction between nutraceutical treatments and host immune status re...

Background and Purpose: Gastroenteritis and the clinical profile caused by Microsporidia, an opportunistic pathogen, may be severe in immunocompromised individuals, especially in AIDS patients. Conventionally, it is necessary to detect the small infective spores in stained smears. However, due to the limitations of the microscopy-based methods, several DNA-based methods such as polymerase cha...

BACKGROUND Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), an exaggerated inflammatory response with clinical worsening due to immune recovery during treatment, is rare in the immune-competent population. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A 5-½-year old immune-competent girl with CNS tuberculosis without HIV who developed paradoxical IRIS. OUTCOME Response to supportive care along with Anti-tubercul...