نتایج جستجو برای: ice crystals and ions therefore during precipitation
تعداد نتایج: 17093527 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
the west of esfahan province, iran, is one of the most important agricultural areas throughout the country due to the climate variability and life-giving water of zayanderood river. rice is one of the major and economic crops in this area. the most important climatic elements in agricultural activities which should be considered include temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind. so...
one of the most dazzling events in the atmosphere is lightning. during updrafts in the life cycle of cumulus clouds, collision of graupels and ice crystals in the presence of liquid water results in vertical separation of electrical charges and lightning. there are four types of lightening depending on the location of discharge. the first type is cloud-to-ground lightning or fork lightning that...
drought is transient phenomenon , slow , repetitive and integral part of the climate of each region. drought begins with a substantial reduction in precipitation over the long-term average rainfall and over time, reduced soil moisture and surface and ground water resources will continue to decrease. this phenomenon is the most important in bakhtegan basin because of its importance in strategic ...
A parameterization is described for low-level clouds that are characteristic of the Arctic during winter. This parameterization simulates the activation of aerosols, the aggregation/coalescence, and the gravitational deposition of ice crystals/water droplets and the deposition/condensation of water vapor onto ice crystals/water droplets. The microphysics scheme uses four prognostic variables to...
We identified ikaite crystals (CaCO3·6H2O) and examined their shape and size distribution in first-year Arctic pack ice, overlying snow and slush layers during the spring melt onset north of Svalbard. Additional measurements of total alkalinity (TA) were made for melted snow and sea-ice samples. Ikaite crystals were mainly found in the bottom of the snowpack, in slush and the surface layers of ...
[1] We report on the discovery of the mineral ikaite (CaCO3 6H2O) in sea-ice from the Southern Ocean. The precipitation of CaCO3 during the freezing of seawater has previously been predicted from thermodynamic modelling, indirect measurements, and has been documented in artificial sea ice during laboratory experiments but has not been reported for natural sea-ice. It is assumed that CaCO3 forma...
during natural gas processing, water in natural gas may cause to hydrates formation in pipelines which may lead to serious damages to process equipments. given the problems raised by present of water in natural gas, glycol solvent uses to remove water.in contact of glycol with gas always an amount of btex and voc absorb along with water, which on glycol recovery process, these substances separa...
thermal barrier coatings (tbcs) are used to provide thermal insulation to the hot section components of gas turbines in order to enhance the operating temperature and turbine efficiency. hot corrosion and thermal shocks are the main destructive factors in tbcs which comes as a result of oxygen and molten salt diffusion into the coating. in this thesis atmospheric plasma spraying was used to dep...
The Provincial Government of Mendoza (Argentina), had protected the local crops from the hail damage during five seasons (1999-2004) by contracting an operational service. These operations consisted in silver iodide seeding (AgI) methodology by means of several aircrafts. The aircrafts were provided with meteorological instruments and probes, which allowed obtaining an important amount of data ...
We report for the first time on the discovery of calcium carbonate crystals as ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) in sea ice from the Arctic (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) as confirmed by morphology and indirectly by X-ray diffraction as well as XANES spectroscopy of its amorophous decomposition product. This finding demonstrates that the precipitation of calcium carbonate during the freezing of sea ice is not rest...
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