Central hypovolemia, defined as diminished blood volume in the heart and pulmonary vascular bed, is still an unresolved problem from a therapeutic point of view. The development of pharmaceutical agents targeted at specific angiotensin II receptors, such as the non-peptidergic AT2-receptor agonist compound 21, is yielding many opportunities to uncover more knowledge about angiotensin II recepto...

Spaceflight-induced hypovolemia requires astronauts to mount a hyper-sympathetic response in order to complete a tilt test on landing day. We tested the hypothesis that experimentallyinduced hypovolemia, in the absence of spaceflight, also requires a hyper-sympathetic response during tilt. We studied 17 subjects during normovolemia and hypovolemia. Plasma volume, tilt tolerance, supine and stan...

Diuretic-induced mild hypovolemia with hemoconcentration reportedly improves dynamic cerebral autoregulation, whereas central hypovolemia without hemoconcentration induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has no effect or impairs dynamic cerebral autoregulation. This discrepancy may be explained by different blood properties, by degrees of central hypovolemia, or both. We investigated the...

BACKGROUND Orthostatic intolerance after bed rest is characterized by hypovolemia and an excessive reduction in stroke volume (SV) in the upright position. We studied whether the reduction in SV is due to a specific adaptation of the heart to head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) or acute hypovolemia alone. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume curves from pulmona...

The mineralocorticoid aldosterone, essential for maintaining body K + and Na balance, has different effects if secreted due to hypovolemia or hyperkalemia. Here, we used proteomics profile kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells isolated by a novel FACS approach from mice fed low-Na diet (mimicking hypovolemia) high-K hyperkalemia). study provides the first in-depth proteome of mouse DCT in...

The combination of Pleth Variability Index (PVI) and passive leg raising (PLR)-induced pulse pressure variation may help to diagnose hypovolemia in spontaneously breathing patients. In 44 subjects, PVI and Pulse Pressure (PP) variation after PLR were measured before and after induced hypovolemia (blood gift or hemodialysis session). PVI values were significantly greater after hemodialysis sessi...

in a cross section of the patients scheduled for various operations, the plausability of lidocaine as an induction agent is studied and described. the results were dismaying suggesting, henceforth, that as an induction agent, lidocaine altogether fails to accomplish the assignment assigned to this drug.

During normothermia, a reduction in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygen saturation (So2) is an indicator of central hypovolemia. Hyperthermia increases skin blood flow and reduces tolerance to central hypovolemia, both of which may alter the interpretation of tissue So2 during central hypovolemia. This study tested the hypothesis that maximal reductions in tissue So2 would b...