Pilocytic astrocytomas are WHO grade I gliomas that occur predominantly in childhood. They share features of both astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages. These tumours affect preferentially the cerebellum (benign clinical course) and the optic pathway, especially the hypothalamo-chiasmatic region (poor prognosis). Understanding the molecular basis responsible for the aggressive behaviour of h...

Hypothalamus, extensively connected with other brain regions, is the vital bridge between nervous system and endocrine system. It exerts its regulating function on endocrine system mainly via the pituitary, which is the central endocrine organ in vertebrate animals. Except the growth hormone, most of the hormones secreted by pituitary have their specific target organs. For example, thyrotropin ...

BACKGROUND The systemic effects of the inhaled corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate are reduced if the drug is inhaled through a large volume spacer. Use of spacers may therefore permit higher doses to be given without causing hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal suppression. METHODS Randomised, double blind, double dummy, parallel group study was carried out in adults with chronic asthma to d...

Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome is characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly and facial clefting with multiple congenital anomalies such as urinary tract anomaly, lacrimal duct obstruction, and hearing loss. This syndrome is a rare disease transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance. Clinical expression is variable. In EEC syndrome ...

Incubation of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants in Locke's solution containing 28 nM/L thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) resulted in an inhibition of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion during depolarization due to excess potassium. These data suggest the involvement of TRH in the regulatory mechanisms of vasopressin and oxytocin release; the inhibitory effect of TRH cannot be excluded.

The hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion is different from other anterior pituitary hormones, in that it is predominantly inhibitory, by means of dopamine from the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. In addition, prolactin does not have an endocrine target tissue, and therefore lacks the classical feedback pathway to regulate its secretion. Instead, it is regulated by short loop feedbac...

To date, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (tGLP-1) has been found to enhance the vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in vivo but not in vitro (i.e., when the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary was used for experiments). The goal of this study was to investigate whether tGLP-1 can influence the function of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex in vitro. Also, the effect of a ...

Puberty is a complex process that culminates in the acquisition of psychophysical maturity and reproductive capacity. This elaborate fascinating marks end childhood. Behind it lies complex, genetically mediated neuroendocrine mechanism through which gonads are activated thanks to fine balance between central inhibitory stimulating neuromodulators hormones with both peripheral action. The onset ...

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible role of neurokinin A (a member of a family of peptides known as tachykinins) in the pineal-neurohypophysial interrelationship. The effect of neurokinin A (NKA) alone or in the presence of pineal hormone melatonin on basal and K-stimulated vasopressin and oxytocin secretion from the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was studied in vitro. The ...