hypothalamic hamartoma (hh) is a rare intracranial lesion that usually presents with classic triad of central precocious puberty, gelastic epilepsy, and developmental delay. herein, a 14-year old boy is presented in whom the diagnosis of hh was made by magnetic resonance imaging. while he did not have any complain of precocious puberty, he surprisingly suffered from delay in puberty. the defini...

conclusions chronic hypothyroidism and hypogonadism is not an issue in aneurysmal sah patients results serum prolactin was raised in 17.80% (13/73) and fsh, lh and testosterone levels were reduced in 12.32% (9/73) of patients in the acute phase at admission. after 9 months follow-up, serum prolactin normalized in all except one patient and in all the males, testosterone level increased signific...

the prevalence of mental health disorders continues to rise worldwide, such that it is estimated that 1in 4 individuals will be affected by a mental health disorder at some point in their lifetime. research has found that the most prevalent mental health disorders are depressive disorder. depression is a common condition, particularly within the aging population. the development of depression, ...

Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of clinical signs before age 8 years in girls and 9 boys. The central origin due to a premature activation hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis from which tumor pathology must be eliminated each case. It distinguished early peripheral independent hypothalamic-pituitary stimulation adrenal or gonadal origin. In boys, precocious most often there high...

Humans have lived in a dynamic environment fraught with potential dangers for thousands of years. While fear and stress were crucial the survival our ancestors, today, they are mostly considered harmful factors, threatening both physical mental health. Trauma is highly stressful, often life-threatening event or series events, such as sexual assault, war, natural disasters, burns, car accidents....

acute fatty liver of pregnancy (aflp) is a rare entity and a potentially fatal disorder. it is reported to be more common in multiple than singleton pregnancies. sometimes it coincides with preeclampsia but the exact etiology is not yet understood. a 31-year-old g2 p1 patient admitted at 33 weeks of pregnancy with signs and symptoms of jaundice, gastroenteritis, hypertension, malaise, urinary i...

Approximately 45 million people worldwide are diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). While there many known risk factors and models of the pathologic processes influencing BD, exact neurologic underpinnings BD unknown. We attempt to integrate existing literature create a unifying hypothesis regarding pathophysiology hope that concrete model may potentially facilitate more specific diagnosis, pre...

In female, energy metabolism influences reproductive function by modulating the Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis including hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network, pituitary gonadotropin secretion and ovarian follicle growth steroidogenesis. Several hormones neuropeptides or metabolites are important signals between balance reproduction. These sensors mediate their action on cells through specifi...

Background: To investigate the incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults with obesity correlation between severity these hypothalamic inflammation.