calcium crystals are evident in many parts of anther. there is little literature about differentiationof crystal-containing cells and crystal formation during anther development. petunia hybrid grandifloraflower buds collected at different developmental stages were fixed and studied. the results revealed thatyoung anthers are tetrasporangiate and in each of the four corners, the primary parieta...

The monoclonal antibody MH27 recognizes an adherens junction protein present around hypodermal cells in the pharynx and the intestine. By using this antibody and an antiserum against the LIN-26 protein, which is present in hypodermal and glial-like cells, I have examined the morphogenesis of the embryo in embryos homozygous for 91 chromosomal deficiencies that cover approximately 74% of the Cae...

The Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor genes elt-1 and elt-3 are expressed in the embryonic hypodermis (also called the epidermis). elt-1 is expressed in precursor cells and is essential for the production of most hypodermal cells (22). elt-3 is expressed in all of the major hypodermal cells except the lateral seam cells, and expression is initiated immediately after the terminal ...

The mutation lin-26(n156) prevents vulva formation in C. elegans by transforming the vulval precursor cells into neurons or neuroblasts. We have isolated and characterized three new lin-26 alleles, which result in embryonic lethality. These mutations cause a few other hypodermal cells to express a neural fate and most hypodermal cells to degenerate. lin-26 encodes a presumptive zinc-finger tran...

Migration of cells through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for morphogenesis of multicellular animals. In a cell culture system, the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex functions as a nucleation core for actin polymerization when activated by the members of the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) family. However, the regulation of cell motility in vivo remains ...

In angiosperm ovules and anthers, the hypodermal cell layer provides the progenitors of meiocytes. We have previously reported that the multiple archesporial cells1 (mac1) mutation identifies a gene that plays an important role in the switch of the hypodermal cells from the vegetative pathway to the meiotic (sporogenous) pathway in maize ovules. Here we report that the mac1 mutation alters the ...

The switch from the vegetative to the reproductive pathway of development in flowering plants requires the commitment of the subepidermal cells of the ovules and anthers to enter the meiotic pathway. These cells, the hypodermal cells, either directly or indirectly form the archesporial cells that, in turn, differentiate into the megasporocytes and microsporocytes. We have isolated a recessive p...

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-29 is required for the terminal differentiation of the lateral hypodermal seam cells during the larval-to-adult molt. We find that lin-29 protein accumulates in the nuclei of these cells, consistent with its predicted role as a zinc finger transcription factor. The earliest detectable LIN-29 accumulation in seam cell nuclei is during the last larval stage (L4...

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the body wall muscles exert their force on the cuticle to generate locomotion. Interposed between the muscle cells and the cuticle are a basement membrane and a thin hypodermal cell. The latter contains bundles of filaments attached to dense plaques in the hypodermal cell membranes, which together we have called a fibrous organelle. In an effort to define...

The association of neurons and hypodermal cells in longitudinal nerve chords and in interchordal positions (perhaps dorso-ventral commissures) in the body wall of Trichuris myocastoris Enigk has been examined with the electron microscope. Nerve chords are composed of several groups of neurons separated by processes of hypodermal cells; such groups may be functionally separate. Nerve cell bodies...