introduction: many studies have revealed that drug addicted individuals exhibit impaired performance on executive function tests but a few studies have been conducted on executive functions of drug addicts in iran. to contribute to this understanding, the present study was designed to assess some domains related to executive functions including cognitive flexibility, attention and speed of ment...

introduction: drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin on executive functions has remained in infancy in iran. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, abstract...

Introduction: Drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin on executive functions has remained in infancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, abstract...

The present article documents an authentic process of heroin manufacturing in Afghanistan: white heroin hydrochloride produced using simple equipment and a small quantity of chemicals. The quantities of chemicals actually used corresponded to the minimum needed for manufacturing heroin. The only organic solvent used was acetone, and only a very small quantity of it was used. Because the chemica...

The establishment of drug vapor pressure reference values provides valuable information in the development of vapor sensing devices for drug detection. The purpose of this work was to determine equilibrium headspace vapor pressures for commercial and illicit drug samples for use in such applications. Samples of cocaine, both free base and hydrochloride forms, and heroin hydrochloride were evalu...

Recent advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological materials such as sweat. In a study conducted during a heroin maintenance program, 14 subjects had sweat patches applied, then received intravenously two or three doses of heroin hydrochloride ranging from 80 to 1000 mg/day. The sweat patch was applied 10 min before the first dosag...

Administration of naloxone hydrochloride is the standard treatment for heroin overdose. Naloxone is simple to administer, effective and has a very low risk of harm. Prescribing naloxone to heroin users for later use in case of need is a simple, inexpensive harm-reduction measure that has the potential to reduce mortality from heroin overdose. Some U.S. physicians may be discouraged from distrib...

Administration of opioid drugs such as heroin produces several immunosuppressive effects, including decreases in natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and nitric oxide production. Interestingly, opioids have been shown to alter many immune parameters indirectly by modulating the immunoregulatory actions of the central nervous system. Recently, it has been demons...

CONTEXT Effective alternatives to long waiting lists for entry into methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment are needed to reduce the complications of continuing heroin dependence and to increase methadone treatment entry. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of interim methadone maintenance with that of the usual waiting list condition in facilitating methadone treatment entry and red...